Merge pull request 'v1.8.0: e2e speedup — per-test timescale rates (FAST/CHAIN)' (#162) from feat/e2e-speedup into master

- actions/hover/two-planes: FAST=10_000 for expiry fast-forwards, landing
  waits and fly-home cleanups; queue: + CHAIN=4_000 for auto-chain
  observation, refuel test at explicit 2_000 with relaxed fuel bound
- map-interactions: FAST=50_000 chain hops (~3 min -> ~15 s per direction);
  crossing leg stays at SCALE and now sets it BEFORE dispatch (a leftover
  fast rate would let the dispatch tick consume most of the leg)
- hover fleet-row test asserts flying from the fly endpoint's own snapshot
  and freezes immediately instead of speeding up then freezing mid-leg
- two-planes parallel-flight: both-grounded poll after cleanup dispatches so
  afterEach heal no longer pays the range-edge return leg at SCALE

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v1.8.0 — 2026-09-27 20:13
+- **E2E speedup (test-only, no game code changed).** Every Playwright spec that fast-forwards legs now uses the fastest rate its assertions allow instead of a blanket `SCALE = 1000`: pure arrival waits (no mid-leg observation) run at `FAST` — a lagged tick can only land a plane sooner, never skip an observed state. Expected CI wall time for the affected tests drops ~5–6× overall (e.g. the antimeridian test's relocation chains go from ~3 min to ~15 s per direction; two-planes' parallel-flight test loses its ~24 s afterEach heal leg).
+- **Per-test rates.** `actions.spec.ts` + `hover.spec.ts` + `two-planes.spec.ts`: new local `FAST = 10_000` for expiry fast-forwards, landing waits and fly-home cleanups. `queue.spec.ts`: same `FAST`, plus `CHAIN = 4_000` for the auto-chain observation (max per-tick advance 2 s × S stays below the LEMD-length leg's ~1e7 sim-ms duration so one lagged tick can't complete it before a poll sees the chained state); its refuel-before-chained-leg test moves to an explicit `2_000` with the fuel lower bound relaxed from `> 1.3×required` to `> required` (at 2_000× the snapshot can land ~0.4×required into leg 2's burn under dind load; a wrong top-up level still lands far below the bound, and the exact level stays pinned by the unchanged cash assertion). `map-interactions.spec.ts`: `FAST = 50_000` for chain hops (≤3400 km each) and arrival waits.
+- **Kept at SCALE = 1000 where mid-leg observation is real.** The antimeridian crossing leg itself (freshness gate ~700 km ≈ 5 s of flight + >3 fresh samples assume ~14 s of real-time flight), the queue spec's final-hop chain window (EHAM→EDDF is only 2_587 sim-s — at higher rates a `/api/state` 500-retry gap could advance past it), and map-interactions' mid-flight click window. The antimeridian crossing dispatch now sets SCALE BEFORE the fly POST: with FAST-rate chains, a leftover fast rate would let the dispatch tick itself consume most of the leg before the setScale lands (flake path).
+- **hover.spec.ts fleet-row test restructured.** It no longer speeds up to 1000× and then freezes mid-leg; it asserts `flying` from the fly endpoint's OWN post-action snapshot (no poll race) and freezes at scale 1 immediately — same pattern as its package-hover sibling, so the ~10 s leg can't land under the assertions.
+- **two-planes parallel-flight test.** Landing waits move to FAST, and a new both-grounded poll after the cleanup dispatches lets the range-edge return legs finish while the clock is still at FAST — previously afterEach's `healPlaneHome` paid that ~24 s leg back at SCALE.
+
 ## v1.7.0 — 2026-09-26 20:24
 - **Multiplayer step 12/12 (ISS-116): multiplayer test coverage.** The final campaign step closes the two remaining verification gaps with tests only — no production game code changed: the #135 freeze rule (`shouldAdvanceTime`) already counts ALL planes regardless of owner, and the mint hook has supported a username override since v1.1.0 (the e2e helper just never forwarded it).
 - **E2E.** New `e2e/multiplayer.spec.ts` (serial) plays two live sessions: player A is the suite's usual local player; player B is a second account minted through the same hook with a username override. Test 1 verifies the N-player clock end-to-end (#135 × ISS-113): while A flies and B stays grounded, the world clock advances on every read (one owner airborne is enough to keep time moving), then after A lands — EVERY player grounded — the clock freezes exactly across ~2.5 s of real idleness. Test 2 verifies ownership isolation: both sessions see the same shared fleet with `ownerId`/`ownerName`, A gets 403 "not your plane" on B's starter (fly AND sell — the 403 must beat B's last-plane 409), B gets 403 on A's, a grant to local moves only A's account row while B's stays untouched, and both sessions see the v1.6.0 `players` summary with per-owner plane counts.

e2e/actions.spec.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => { await authenticate(page); });
 // penalty. Mirrors lib/game/penalty.ts for exact-value assertions.
 
 const SCALE = 1000; // test rate for fast-forwarding legs — keeps flights to seconds of real time
+const FAST = 10_000; // pure arrival waits (no mid-leg observation) — LEMD-length legs land in ~1 s
 const WORLD = 24; // the fixed world rate (ISS-117) — must match lib/worldClock.ts
 const HUB = 'EDDF'; // Frankfurt Main — the seeded starter plane's home base (lib/game/seed.ts)
 
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ test('abandon while grounded deducts exactly the formula penalty', async ({ page
 });
 
 test('expired packages deliver and abandon with no reward and no penalty', async ({ page }) => {
-  test.setTimeout(480_000); // two ~10 s real-time legs at 1000× (HUB↔LEMD) plus expiry wait
+  test.setTimeout(480_000); // two ~1 s real-time legs at 10_000× (HUB↔LEMD) plus expiry wait
   await flyHomeViaApi(page);
 
   // A: load, let it expire while loaded, then FLY to its destination — arrival must
@@ -350,12 +351,12 @@ test('expired packages deliver and abandon with no reward and no penalty', async
   }
 
   // A fully grounded fleet freezes the world clock (#135) — put the starter in repair for the expiry
-  // window so scale 1000 can fast-forward past both deadlines quickly. The €1.5k repair cost is why
+  // window so scale 10_000 can fast-forward past both deadlines quickly. The €1.5k repair cost is why
   // the cash/rep baseline below is captured AFTER deactivateWorld, not before it.
   await activateWorld(page);
   try {
     // Fast-forward past both deadlines — the tick flips loaded → expired (slot kept).
-    await setScale(page, SCALE);
+    await setScale(page, FAST);
     let s = await getState(page);
     await expect.poll(async () => ((await getState(page)).packages.find((p) => p.id === pkgA.id)!.status), { timeout: 30_000 }).toBe('expired');
     s = await getState(page);
@@ -387,9 +388,9 @@ test('expired packages deliver and abandon with no reward and no penalty', async
   expect(s.packages.find((p) => p.id === pkgB.id)!.status).toBe('abandoned');
   expect(s.account.cash).toBe(cashBeforeAbandon); // free — expired abandons cost nothing
 
-  // Restore: top up + fly home at SCALE.
+  // Restore: top up + fly home at FAST (pure arrival wait).
   await setFuelFull(page, 'plane-starter');
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   const homeRes = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: HUB } });
   expect(homeRes.ok()).toBeTruthy();
   await expect.poll(async () => ((await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')!.locationIcao), { timeout: 240_000 }).toBe(HUB);

e2e/hover.spec.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => { await authenticate(page); });
 // additionally gets a distinct green ring in `airports-target-highlight` (ISS-022).
 
 const SCALE = 1000; // test rate for fast-forwarding legs — keeps flights to seconds of real time
+const FAST = 10_000; // pure arrival waits (no mid-leg observation) — LEMD-length legs land in ~1 s
 const WORLD = 24; // the fixed world rate (ISS-117) — must match lib/worldClock.ts
 const HUB = 'EDDF'; // must match HUB_ICAO in lib/game/seed.ts
 // Madrid–Barajas — same long leg as e2e/map-interactions.spec.ts: ~1420 km → ~10 s at scale 1000.
@@ -516,7 +517,7 @@ test('hovering the Relocate section previews the planned route and target airpor
 });
 
 test('hovering the fleet row of a flying plane highlights its route', async ({ page }) => {
-  test.setTimeout(600_000); // self-heal + one flight at scale 1000 + fly-home cleanup
+  test.setTimeout(600_000); // self-heal + one flight (frozen mid-leg) + FAST fly-home cleanup
   await flyHomeViaApi(page);
 
   // Full tank before departure — deterministic baseline (ISS-082 hook; dispatch would auto-refuel anyway).
@@ -525,23 +526,26 @@ test('hovering the fleet row of a flying plane highlights its route', async ({ p
   await page.goto('/');
   await waitForAirportCount(page);
 
-  // Load + fly via the API (same pattern as e2e/map-interactions.spec.ts), then speed up.
+  // Load + fly via the API (same pattern as e2e/map-interactions.spec.ts). The endpoint's OWN
+  // post-action snapshot already shows the plane flying — no poll race.
   const pkg = await createPackage(page, HUB, DEST);
   const load = await page.request.post(`/api/packages/${pkg.id}/load`, { data: { planeId: 'plane-starter' } });
   expect(load.status()).toBe(200);
   const fly = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: DEST } });
   expect(fly.status()).toBe(200);
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  const flyBody = (await fly.json()) as StateBody;
+  expect(flyBody.planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.status).toBe('flying');
+
+  // Freeze immediately: at a leftover scale of 1000 the ~10 s leg could otherwise land under us and
+  // empty the route line while we assert. At scale 1 every /api/state snapshot reports the same state
+  // for minutes, so no mid-flight position window is needed at all (same pattern as the package-hover
+  // test below).
+  await setScale(page, 1);
 
   // The fleet row shows the plane in flight once a snapshot with status 'flying' lands (ISS-054).
   const block = page.getByTestId('plane-plane-starter');
   await expect(block).toContainText(/in flight/i, { timeout: 15_000 });
 
-  // Freeze mid-flight so the ~10 s leg can't land under us while we assert (same pattern as
-  // e2e/map-interactions.spec.ts' marker click): at scale 1 the leg takes minutes of real time, and
-  // the route line stays drawn while frozen.
-  await setScale(page, 1);
-
   await block.hover();
   await expect.poll(async () => {
     const feats = (await renderedFeatures(page, ['routes-highlight'])) as Array<{ properties: Record<string, unknown> }>;
@@ -554,9 +558,10 @@ test('hovering the fleet row of a flying plane highlights its route', async ({ p
     message: 'waiting for the highlight to clear after mouseleave',
   }).toBe(0);
 
-  // Resume and fast-forward to arrival, then fly home so the live instance stays in its
+  // Fast-forward to arrival (pure wait — no mid-leg observation), then fly home so the live instance
-  // onboarding state (starter grounded at EDDF) for the other specs.
+  // stays in its onboarding state (starter grounded at EDDF) for the other specs. Both legs are pure
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  // arrivals → FAST (~1 s each instead of ~10 s).
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   await expect
     .poll(async () => {
       const p = (await getState(page)).planes.find((x) => x.id === 'plane-starter');
@@ -564,8 +569,8 @@ test('hovering the fleet row of a flying plane highlights its route', async ({ p
     }, { timeout: 120_000, message: `waiting for plane-starter to land at ${DEST}` })
     .toBe(true);
 
-  // Re-set SCALE for the return leg.
+  // Re-set FAST for the return leg.
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   const home = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: HUB } });
   expect(home.status()).toBe(200);
   await expect
@@ -577,7 +582,7 @@ test('hovering the fleet row of a flying plane highlights its route', async ({ p
 });
 
 test('hovering an on-board package while its carrier is mid-flight traces from the landing airport', async ({ page }) => {
-  test.setTimeout(600_000); // self-heal + one flight at scale 1000 + fly-home cleanup
+  test.setTimeout(600_000); // self-heal + one flight (frozen mid-leg) + FAST fly-home cleanup
   await flyHomeViaApi(page);
 
   // Full tank before departure — deterministic baseline (ISS-082 hook; dispatch would auto-refuel anyway).
@@ -651,7 +656,8 @@ test('hovering an on-board package while its carrier is mid-flight traces from t
   // not DEST — it never delivered), then fly home.
   const cancelRes = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/queue/cancel', { data: { index: 0 } });
   expect(cancelRes.status()).toBe(200);
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  // Pure arrival wait (the queue is empty — nothing to observe mid-leg) → FAST.
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   await expect
     .poll(async () => {
       const p = (await getState(page)).planes.find((x) => x.id === 'plane-starter');
@@ -662,8 +668,8 @@ test('hovering an on-board package while its carrier is mid-flight traces from t
   const abandon = await page.request.post(`/api/packages/${pkg.id}/abandon`);
   expect(abandon.status()).toBe(200); // only possible once grounded — the poll above guarantees it
 
-  // Re-set SCALE for the return leg.
+  // Re-set FAST for the return leg (~1 s instead of ~10 s).
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   const home = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: HUB } });
   expect(home.status()).toBe(200);
   await expect

e2e/map-interactions.spec.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ const HUB = 'EDDF'; // must match HUB_ICAO in lib/game/seed.ts
 // the 6300 L tank, so a full-tank departure always makes it home.
 const DEST = 'LEMD';
 const SCALE = 1000; // test rate for fast-forwarding legs
+// Pure arrival waits and relocation-chain hops (no mid-leg observation): a lagged tick can only finish
+// the leg sooner, never skip an observed state. Max hop ≤3400 km lands in <1 s at this rate.
+const FAST = 50_000;
 const WORLD = 24; // the fixed world rate (ISS-117) — must match lib/worldClock.ts
 
 interface PlaneState {
@@ -106,15 +109,15 @@ async function setFuelFull(page: Page, planeId: string): Promise<void> {
   expect((await page.request.post('/api/test/set-fuel', { data: { planeId, fuel: p.maxFuel } })).status()).toBe(200);
 }
 
-// Load a package onto plane-starter and fly it from → to via the API, then poll at
+// Load a package onto plane-starter and fly it from → to via the API, then fast-forward at FAST
-// scale 1000 until the plane lands at `to`. Same pattern as e2e/actions.spec.ts.
+// (pure arrival wait — no mid-leg observation) until the plane lands at `to`. Same pattern as e2e/actions.spec.ts.
 async function loadAndFly(page: Page, fromIcao: string, toIcao: string): Promise<PackageState> {
   const pkg = await createPackage(page, fromIcao, toIcao);
   const load = await page.request.post(`/api/packages/${pkg.id}/load`, { data: { planeId: 'plane-starter' } });
   expect(load.status()).toBe(200);
   const fly = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: toIcao } });
   expect(fly.status()).toBe(200);
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   await expect
     .poll(async () => {
       const body = await getState(page);
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ test('airport popup shows name, ICAO, local time and generated weather', async (
 });
 
 test('plane markers move while flying and the plane popup shows status + route', async ({ page }) => {
-  test.setTimeout(600_000); // self-heal from a far airport (~20 s worst case at 1000×) + main flight + cleanup
+  test.setTimeout(600_000); // self-heal from a far airport (~3 s worst case at 50_000×) + main flight + cleanup
 
   await page.goto('/');
   await waitForAirportCount(page);
@@ -215,7 +218,7 @@ test('plane markers move while flying and the plane popup shows status + route',
   const foundStarter = (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter');
   expect(foundStarter).toBeDefined();
   if (foundStarter!.status === 'flying') {
-    await setScale(page, SCALE);
+    await setScale(page, FAST); // pure arrival wait — no mid-leg observation needed here
     await expect
       .poll(async () => (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.status === 'available', {
         timeout: 240_000,
@@ -348,8 +351,8 @@ test('plane markers move while flying and the plane popup shows status + route',
   // The popup's route line is the plane's own leg: origin name → destination name.
   await expect(page.getByTestId('plane-route')).toContainText(`${live.locationName} → ${live.destName}`);
 
-  // Restore SCALE before step 5 — the landing wait needs a fast clock.
+  // Fast-forward to arrival (pure wait — no mid-leg observation) at FAST: ~0.2 s instead of ~4 s.
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
 
   // 5) Let the flight finish, then fly home so the live instance stays in its
   // onboarding state (starter grounded at EDDF) for the other specs. The loaded
@@ -478,7 +481,7 @@ async function fitToAirports(page: Page, icaos: string[]): Promise<void> {
 }
 
 test('plane marker stays continuous across the antimeridian (no 360° teleport)', async ({ page }) => {
-  test.setTimeout(900_000); // relocation chain (~3 min at 1000×) + crossing leg + return chain + margin
+  test.setTimeout(900_000); // relocation chain (~15 s per direction at 50_000×) + crossing leg + return chain + margin
 
   await page.goto('/');
   await waitForAirportCount(page);
@@ -489,7 +492,7 @@ test('plane marker stays continuous across the antimeridian (no 360° teleport)'
   // Self-heal: full health, let any in-flight leg finish, then relocate to ORIGIN via the chain.
   expect((await page.request.post('/api/test/set-health', { data: { planeId: 'plane-starter', health: 100, repairUntilMs: 0 } })).status()).toBe(200);
   if ((await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')!.status === 'flying') {
-    await setScale(page, SCALE);
+    await setScale(page, FAST); // pure arrival wait — no mid-leg observation needed here
     await expect.poll(async () => (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.status ?? '', { timeout: 240_000 }).toBe('available');
   }
   // Relocate + crossing leg. The finally ALWAYS runs — even when a poll below fails, the plane must end
@@ -500,7 +503,7 @@ test('plane marker stays continuous across the antimeridian (no 360° teleport)'
       for (const next of await chainTo(page, loc, ORIGIN)) {
         await setFuelFull(page, 'plane-starter'); // full tank → auto-refuel tops up 0 L and costs nothing
         expect((await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: next } })).status()).toBe(200);
-        await setScale(page, SCALE);
+        await setScale(page, FAST); // pure arrival wait per hop — a lagged tick can only land it sooner
         await expect.poll(async () => (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.locationIcao ?? '', { timeout: 240_000 }).toBe(next);
       }
     }
@@ -521,9 +524,12 @@ test('plane marker stays continuous across the antimeridian (no 360° teleport)'
     const pkg = await createPackage(page, ORIGIN, CROSS_DEST);
     expect((await page.request.post(`/api/packages/${pkg.id}/load`, { data: { planeId: 'plane-starter' } })).status()).toBe(200);
     console.log(`[antimeridian] pkg=${pkg.id} leg ${ORIGIN}->${CROSS_DEST}; BEFORE dispatch: ${fmtPlane((await getState(page)).planes.find((x) => x.id === 'plane-starter')!)}`);
+    // The crossing leg must run at SCALE (1000×): the freshness gate (~700 km ≈ 5 s of flight) and the
+    // >3 fresh samples both assume ~14 s of real-time flight. Set it BEFORE dispatch — a leftover FAST
+    // rate would let the dispatch tick itself consume most of the leg before this setScale lands.
+    await setScale(page, SCALE);
     const fly = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: CROSS_DEST } });
     if (fly.status() !== 200) throw new Error(`dispatch POST /api/planes/plane-starter/fly → ${fly.status()} (expected 200)`);
-    await setScale(page, SCALE);
     console.log(`[antimeridian] AFTER dispatch: ${fmtPlane((await getState(page)).planes.find((x) => x.id === 'plane-starter')!)}`);
 
     // querySourceFeatures only sees LOADED tiles — the v0.70.0 default view ([0,0] z2) doesn't cover this
@@ -591,16 +597,16 @@ test('plane marker stays continuous across the antimeridian (no 360° teleport)'
     expect(lons.some((lon) => Math.abs(lon) > 180), `sampled lons (n=${lons.length}): ${JSON.stringify(lons)}`).toBe(true); // crossed onto a world copy, either side of ±180
     expect(Math.max(...lons) - Math.min(...lons), `lon span: min=${Math.min(...lons).toFixed(4)} max=${Math.max(...lons).toFixed(4)} over ${JSON.stringify(lons)}`).toBeGreaterThan(4); // traversed the crossing region, not a static window
   } finally {
-    // Cleanup: let any in-flight leg land, then chain back home so the other specs start from the canonical
+    // Cleanup: let any in-flight leg land (pure arrival wait → FAST), then chain back home so the other
-    // state. The package was delivered on arrival (generous deadline).
+    // specs start from the canonical state. The package was delivered on arrival (generous deadline).
-    await setScale(page, SCALE);
+    await setScale(page, FAST);
     await expect.poll(async () => (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.status ?? '', { timeout: 240_000 }).toBe('available');
     const endLoc = (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')!.locationIcao;
     if (endLoc !== HUB) {
       for (const next of await chainTo(page, endLoc, HUB)) {
         await setFuelFull(page, 'plane-starter');
         expect((await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: next } })).status()).toBe(200);
-        await setScale(page, SCALE);
+        await setScale(page, FAST); // pure arrival wait per hop — a lagged tick can only land it sooner
         await expect.poll(async () => (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.locationIcao ?? '', { timeout: 240_000 }).toBe(next);
       }
     }

e2e/queue.spec.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => { await authenticate(page); });
 // the next queued leg server-side (part 1); test 3 exercises that chain end-to-end through the API.
 
 const SCALE = 1000; // test rate for fast-forwarding legs — keeps flights to seconds of real time
+// Pure arrival waits (no mid-leg observation): LEMD-length legs land in ~1 s. Safe at any scale —
+// a lagged tick can only finish the leg sooner, never skip an observed state.
+const FAST = 10_000;
+// Chained-leg observation: max per-tick advance (2 s × S) must stay below the LEMD-length leg's
+// sim-duration (~1e7 sim-ms) so one lagged tick can't complete it before a poll sees the chain.
+const CHAIN = 4_000;
 const WORLD = 24; // the fixed world rate (ISS-117) — must match lib/worldClock.ts
 const HUB = 'EDDF'; // must match HUB_ICAO in lib/game/seed.ts
 const DEST = 'LEMD'; // Madrid–Barajas — the typical long leg (~10 s at scale 1000)
@@ -285,14 +291,15 @@ test('queue display + cancel via UI (ISS-043 part 2)', async ({ page }) => {
   await expect(page.getByTestId('queue-leg-plane-starter-0'), 'the cancelled leg is removed from the queue').toHaveCount(0, { timeout: 15_000 });
 
   // Cleanup: resume + fast-forward to arrival at DEST (empty queue → plain landing), then fly home.
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  // Both waits are pure arrivals — FAST is safe and ~10× quicker than SCALE here.
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   await expect.poll(async () => {
     const p = (await getState(page)).planes.find((x) => x.id === 'plane-starter');
     return !!p && p.status === 'available' && p.locationIcao === DEST;
   }, { timeout: 120_000, message: `waiting for plane-starter to land at ${DEST}` }).toBe(true);
 
-  // Re-set SCALE for the return leg.
+  // Re-set FAST for the return leg.
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   const home = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: HUB } });
   expect(home.status()).toBe(200);
   await expect.poll(async () => ((await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.locationIcao ?? ''), {
@@ -366,14 +373,15 @@ test('dotted queue line renders the queued path on the map (ISS-043 part 2)', as
   // to arrival, then fly home.
   const cancelRes = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/queue/cancel', { data: { index: 0 } });
   expect(cancelRes.status()).toBe(200);
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  // Pure arrival waits — FAST is safe and ~10× quicker than SCALE here.
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   await expect.poll(async () => {
     const p = (await getState(page)).planes.find((x) => x.id === 'plane-starter');
     return !!p && p.status === 'available' && p.locationIcao === DEST;
   }, { timeout: 120_000, message: `waiting for plane-starter to land at ${DEST}` }).toBe(true);
 
-  // Re-set SCALE for the return leg.
+  // Re-set FAST for the return leg.
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   const home = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: HUB } });
   expect(home.status()).toBe(200);
   await expect.poll(async () => ((await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.locationIcao ?? ''), {
@@ -457,9 +465,9 @@ test('landing auto-starts the next queued leg (ISS-043 chain end-to-end)', async
   expect(flyRes.status()).toBe(200);
 
   // Fast-forward (also clears any pause). On landing at DEST the server must AUTO-START the queued
-  // return leg — no manual dispatch. The chained state persists for the whole ~10 s return leg, so a
+  // return leg — no manual dispatch. The chained state persists for the whole ~2.5 s return leg at
-  // poll can't miss it: status 'flying' with destIcao = the first (only) queued ICAO.
+  // CHAIN, so a poll can't miss it: status 'flying' with destIcao = the first (only) queued ICAO.
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  await setScale(page, CHAIN);
   await expect.poll(async () => {
     const p = (await getState(page)).planes.find((x) => x.id === 'plane-starter');
     return !!p && p.status === 'flying' && p.destIcao === HUB;
@@ -566,8 +574,10 @@ test('a drained tank is topped up before a chained leg at exactly the rep-discou
   const rate = repRate(s0.account.reputation, FUEL_DISCOUNT_PER_REP, MAX_FUEL_DISCOUNT);
   const expectedCost = Math.round(liters * FUEL_PRICE_PER_L * (1 - rate) * 100) / 100;
 
-  // Landing at DEST auto-chains QUEUE with the top-up…
+  // Landing at DEST auto-chains QUEUE with the top-up… 2_000× (not SCALE): leg 2's chained state must
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  // stay observable — max per-tick advance (2 s × S) stays below its ~1e7 sim-ms duration, and the
+  // snapshot window below is sized for this rate.
+  await setScale(page, 2_000);
   await expect.poll(async () => {
     const x = (await getState(page)).planes.find((y) => y.id === 'plane-starter');
     return !!x && x.status === 'flying' && x.destIcao === QUEUE;
@@ -577,9 +587,9 @@ test('a drained tank is topped up before a chained leg at exactly the rep-discou
   // Exact fuel equality is impossible — this snapshot lands after leg 2's departure burn; the exact top-up level × rep-discounted price is pinned by the cash assertion below.
   const fuel = s.planes.find((x) => x.id === 'plane-starter')!.fuel;
   expect(fuel).toBeLessThanOrEqual(target); // can only have burned since departure…
-  // 1.3× not 1.4×: under dind load the snapshot can land ~0.1×required2 into leg 2's departure burn;
+  // > required2 (not 1.3×): at 2_000× the snapshot can land ~0.4×required2 into leg 2's burn under dind
-  // a wrong top-up level (≤ required2, or none at all) still lands far below this bound.
+  // load; a wrong top-up level (≤ required2, or none at all) still lands far below this bound.
-  expect(fuel).toBeGreaterThan(1.3 * required2);
+  expect(fuel).toBeGreaterThan(required2);
   expect(s.account.cash).toBeCloseTo(cashBeforeChain - expectedCost, 6); // at exactly the rep-discounted cost
 
   // Let leg 2 finish so the next test starts from a known airport.
@@ -603,7 +613,8 @@ test('cancelling the only queued leg mid-flight leaves a plain landing (v0.46.0)
   const cancel = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/queue/cancel', { data: { index: 0 } });
   expect(cancel.status()).toBe(200);
 
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  // Pure arrival wait (the queue is empty — nothing to observe mid-leg) → FAST.
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   await expect.poll(async () => {
     const x = (await getState(page)).planes.find((y) => y.id === 'plane-starter');
     return !!x && x.status === 'available' && x.locationIcao === DEST;

e2e/two-planes.spec.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => { await authenticate(page); });
 // guarantee the fleet is exactly one plane (the starter, grounded at EDDF) before and after.
 
 const SCALE = 1000; // test rate for fast-forwarding legs — keeps flights to seconds of real time
+const FAST = 10_000; // pure arrival waits (no mid-leg observation) — range-edge legs land in ~2.5 s
 const WORLD = 24; // the fixed world rate (ISS-117) — must match lib/worldClock.ts
 const HUB = 'EDDF'; // must match HUB_ICAO in lib/game/seed.ts
 const STARTER = 'plane-starter'; // the seeded plane's id (lib/game/seed.ts)
@@ -349,7 +350,7 @@ test('two grounded planes: Load is one-click with a preselected plane; the picke
 });
 
 test('two planes fly in parallel and both deliver their packages', async ({ page }) => {
-  test.setTimeout(300_000); // self-heal + one long leg each way at scale 1000
+  test.setTimeout(300_000); // self-heal + range-edge legs fast-forwarded at 10_000×
   const secondId = await buySecondPlaneViaUi(page);
 
   // Full tanks for both — the starter's may be partial from an earlier run.
@@ -379,8 +380,9 @@ test('two planes fly in parallel and both deliver their packages', async ({ page
   expect(s1.planes.find((p) => p.id === secondId)?.status).toBe('flying');
   expect(s1.planes.find((p) => p.id === secondId)?.destIcao).toBe(farthest.icao);
 
-  // Fast-forward to the FIRST landing (the short hop)…
+  // Fast-forward to the FIRST landing (the short hop)… FAST is safe here — pure arrival waits, and a
-  await setScale(page, SCALE);
+  // lagged tick can only land a plane sooner. The range-edge leg takes ~2.5 s at this rate.
+  await setScale(page, FAST);
   await expect
     .poll(async () => ((await getState(page)).planes.some((p) => p.status === 'available')), {
       timeout: 240_000,
@@ -403,9 +405,17 @@ test('two planes fly in parallel and both deliver their packages', async ({ page
   // The outbound to the range edge left the tank nearly empty — top it back up (ISS-082 hook).
   await setFuelFull(page, secondId);
 
-  // Cleanup: fly both home so the live instance stays in its onboarding state for later specs.
+  // Cleanup: fly both home so the live instance stays in its onboarding state for later specs. The legs
+  // dispatch at FAST (inherited above) — let them finish HERE, otherwise afterEach's heal pays the
+  // range-edge return leg at SCALE (~24 s).
   expect((await page.request.post(`/api/planes/${secondId}/fly`, { data: { destIcao: HUB } })).status()).toBe(200);
   expect((await page.request.post(`/api/planes/${STARTER}/fly`, { data: { destIcao: HUB } })).status()).toBe(200);
+  await expect
+    .poll(async () => ((await getState(page)).planes.every((p) => p.status === 'available')), {
+      timeout: 120_000,
+      message: 'waiting for both planes to land back at the hub',
+    })
+    .toBe(true);
 });
 
 // ISS-082 (v0.42.0): the "refuel section lists both planes" test is gone with the manual refuel UI —

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "flight-ops",
-  "version": "1.7.0",
+  "version": "1.8.0",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev -p 3000",