push updated state to clients over SSE (ISS-129)

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,30 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## v0.57.0 — 2026-09-22 19:19
+- **Push updated state to clients over SSE (ISS-129).** Clients no longer rely on pure polling for live updates: new `GET /api/events` streams full game-state snapshots as Server-Sent Events — the current snapshot immediately on connect, then one after every sim tick (~1 s), so the UI updates push-driven even while idle. New module `lib/sse.ts` is a tiny in-process fan-out registry (`subscribe(fn)` → unsubscribe, `broadcast(text)` with per-subscriber try/catch) — the three process-wide singletons (this subscriber set, the sql.js DB promise (`getGameDb`), and the tick lock (`withLock`)) live on `globalThis`: Next.js can load a module more than once per process (instrumentation.ts and route handlers get separate module instances), so plain module-level state would give each layer its own registry/DB/lock, and background-tick pushes would never reach route-handler subscribers. The broadcast hook lives in `tickNow()` in `lib/sim/engine.ts`: after each locked tick on the singleton path it serializes via the SAME `getStateSnapshot()` that `GET /api/state` returns (no duplicated serialization) and pushes to all subscribers; failures are logged, never fatal. Action mutations reach other clients within one background tick (~1 s); the acting client still gets its immediate post-action snapshot from the POST response as before. The SSE route (`app/api/events/route.ts`) sends `Content-Type: text/event-stream`, `Cache-Control: no-cache`, `Connection: keep-alive` and `X-Accel-Buffering: no` (prod sits behind Traefik), plus a `: ping` heartbeat comment every 15 s so idle proxies don't drop the connection; snapshot-first-then-subscribe ordering guarantees events are strictly ordered by sim clock, and stream cancel unsubscribes + clears the heartbeat; broadcast pushes are wrapped in `data: <json>\n\n` SSE frames at the route (matching the initial snapshot). Client (`lib/useGameState.ts`): one `EventSource('/api/events')` per page — onmessage parses the full snapshot into the shared state (same shape as today); polling stays as an automatic fallback: if no event arrives within 5 s of connect, or on a stream error, the old poll loop starts (immediate catch-up fetch + interval), and it stops again when fresh events flow. EventSource's native reconnect is relied on — no custom reconnect framework. `/api/state` behavior is unchanged (still ticks-then-snapshots; polling remains fully functional).
+- **API.** OpenAPI spec gains `GET /api/events` (200 → `text/event-stream`) in `lib/openapi.ts`, so the machine-readable spec at `/api/openapi` stays accurate.
+- **Tests.** Unit: new `lib/sse.test.ts` — subscribe/broadcast/unsubscribe semantics, a throwing subscriber doesn't break others, idempotent unsubscribe; new `app/api/events/route.test.ts` (throwaway-DB pattern from the state route test) — SSE headers + first chunk parses as a snapshot with `simState.clockMs`. E2E: new `e2e/events.spec.ts` (+1) — node-side fetch of `/api/events` against the app under test asserts content-type `text/event-stream`, the first event parses as a valid snapshot (`simState.clockMs`), and within ~5 s at least one MORE event arrives with an advanced clock (background tick pushes while idle since v0.56.0 — no scale hook); stream closed in `finally`. The exact-endpoint-list assertions in `lib/openapi.test.ts` and `e2e/api.spec.ts` move twelve → thirteen endpoints (`/api/events` added).
+
+## v0.56.0 — 2026-09-22 18:28
+- **Idle fleet slows the world to real time instead of freezing it (ISS-128).** A fully grounded fleet no longer freezes the sim clock — `tickOnce` in `lib/sim/engine.ts` now advances by `min(elapsed, MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS) × IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE` when nothing is flying or in repair, where new constant `IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE = WORLD_TIME_SCALE / 24` (= exactly 1, i.e. real time) lives next to `WORLD_TIME_SCALE` in `lib/worldClock.ts`. Packages keep spawning/expiring and the market stays fresh while idle; an active fleet keeps its full scale including any FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS override (grounded + hook scale 1000 → advances at ×1, not ×1000), and `lastRealTickMs` still always tracks real time so resuming activity never fast-forwards the idle duration. The client mirror (`advanceSimClock` in `lib/useSimClock.ts`) extrapolates at the same idle rate instead of freezing, so polls re-anchor without a visible jump.
+- **Tests.** Unit: `lib/sim/engine.test.ts` — the grounded-fleet tests now pin real-time advance clamped to one idle-rate tick (no freeze, no fast-forward), resume-without-catch-up after takeoff, and that a raised timeScale is ignored while grounded; new describe "idle slowdown" pins `IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE = WORLD_TIME_SCALE / 24 = 1`. `lib/useSimClock.test.ts` — the frozen-while-idle test now asserts real-time advance at the idle rate. E2E: `e2e/sim.spec.ts`'s freeze test becomes a bounded real-time delta (advances > 0, ≥ half the wall span clamped to one tick, ≤ wall span + one clamp, clearly below ×24); `e2e/state.spec.ts`'s restart test replaces byte-identical clock equality with derived bounds — never backwards (not re-seeded) and ≤ `MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS` of clamped downtime + the live wall span; `e2e/right-pane.spec.ts`'s penalty preview no longer races a frozen clock — it verifies the idle rate, then allows the formula's slope over one UI poll interval (~1 s at ×1) instead of an exact string match. The `activateWorld`/repair wrappers in actions/panes/sim specs are unchanged (a repairing plane still means full scale); only their "freezes" comments were updated.
+
+## v0.55.0 — 2026-09-22 15:38
+- **Favicon (ISS-122).** The app shipped with no favicon at all (`app/layout.tsx` set only title/description; no `app/icon.svg`, no `public/favicon.ico`). New hand-written single-file `app/icon.svg` — a bold white top-down airplane silhouette (fuselage + swept wings + tail, one straight-line path) on a pastel blue (#93c5fd) rounded square, 64×64 viewBox. Next App Router's file convention auto-serves it at `/icon.svg` and injects `<link rel="icon">` into the head; no layout/metadata changes needed.
+- **Tests.** E2E +1 in `e2e/panes.spec.ts`: page load asserts exactly one `head link[rel~="icon"]` pointing at `/icon.svg`, and a direct `GET /icon.svg` returns 200 with content-type `image/svg+xml`. No unit test — static asset.
+- **E2E hardening (CI run #167).** Two e2e-only fixes: the favicon assertion now tolerates the content-hash query string Next App Router production builds append to the auto-injected icon `<link href>` (`/icon.svg?icon.<hash>.svg` — matched with `/^\/icon\.svg/`, canonical `GET /icon.svg` check unchanged), and `e2e/hover.spec.ts`'s local `flyHomeViaApi` self-heal is replaced by the established `e2e/panes.spec.ts` pattern (set-health repair-gate reset + re-read state AFTER an in-flight leg lands) — the old version checked `locationIcao` against the stale pre-landing snapshot, so a retry after a mid-flight interruption left plane-starter grounded at the destination and its package load 409'd ("plane not at the origin").
+- **E2E hardening (CI run #168).** Retry-cascade fix in `e2e/actions.spec.ts`: its local `flyHomeViaApi` self-heal now also tops plane-starter's tank back to full via the free `POST /api/test/set-fuel` hook after repositioning home. A transient `/api/state` 500 (issue #127) killed attempt 1 mid-flight; the retry's self-heal then flew the starter home with a low tank, so the test's own dispatch auto-refueled AFTER its cash baseline was captured and the exact-cash "no reward for expired cargo" assertion failed by €1190.56 — a full tank makes every subsequent dispatch top-up cost exactly €0.
+- **E2E hardening (ISS-127).** e2e `getState` hardened against transient `/api/state` 500s — internal retry ×3/500 ms keeps poll callbacks total.
+
+## v0.54.0 — 2026-09-22 15:20
+- **Long priority jobs are now always finishable (ISS-119).** `generatePackage` in `lib/game/seed.ts` drew a flat 6–72 h expiry window (priority ×0.5 → 3–36 h) independent of leg distance, so some jobs' deadlines were shorter than the flight itself and could never be completed (legs go up to MAX_JOB_LEG_KM = 9000 km; the fastest catalog plane is ~920 km/h ≈ 10 h for a max leg). The drawn window is now clamped UP after special scaling: deadline ≥ now + `travelDurationMs(legKm, FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH)` + `EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS` (flat 1 h), reusing the existing `travelDurationMs` from `lib/sim/movement.ts`. New constant `FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH` in `lib/game/catalog.ts` — data-driven max of `PLANE_TYPES` speeds, so a job must be finishable with the best available aircraft (NOT the starter's 510 km/h, which would wreck long-job economics); adding a faster plane tightens the floor automatically. `EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS` lives next to the deadline tunables in seed.ts. The window is a single uniform draw, so clamping up covers both requirements: short legs (drawn × scale already above the floor) are byte-identical to before, and when the raw draw falls below the floor the deadline lands exactly on it — which stays ≤ the scaled ceiling for any pair of airports on Earth (max leg ~20000 km → floor ≈ 22.8 h < the 36 h priority ceiling), so no separate ceiling raise is needed. Forced `deadlineOffsetMs` skips the floor, same as it skips special scaling (the e2e expiry hook keeps working).
+- **Tests.** Unit +5 in `lib/game/seed.test.ts` (new "expiry floor" block): pins the constants (fastest = max of catalog speeds and > starter speed; buffer exactly 1 h); a seeded sweep over 200 unforced packages on the real dataset asserting deadline ≥ now + travel time at max speed + buffer for every one (specials roll naturally, ~15% priority); the farthest within-cap pair in the real dataset (~9000 km) forced with both `priority` and null across 50 seeds each — invariant holds everywhere AND at least one package per special lands exactly on the floor (deterministic for fixed seeds, proving the clamp engages rather than holding vacuously); short legs (EDDF→EHAM ≈ 370 km → floor ≈ 1.4 h < the priority minimum window) pinned byte-identical to a replay of the pre-v0.54.0 draw order (no economy regression); forced deadline offsets still skip the floor. E2E +1 in `e2e/expiry.spec.ts`: the EXISTING `POST /api/test/create-package` hook forces EDDB→KSMF (~9000 km, at MAX_JOB_LEG_KM) with `special: 'priority'`; 10 packages are created and every one asserted to expire ≥ travel time at max speed + buffer after creation (and ≤ the 36 h priority ceiling), then all ignored for cleanup — no new server hooks.
+
+## v0.53.0 — 2026-09-22 14:47
+- **Antimeridian routes no longer chord across the map (ISS-120).** Routes whose great circle crosses ±180° (e.g. Auckland → Fua'amotu, Tonga) rendered as a line spanning the whole map: `greatCircleArc` sampled `positionAt`, which wraps every sample's longitude into [−180, 180], so consecutive samples jumped +179.x → −179.x and MapLibre — which draws LineStrings as-is with no ±180 splitting — connected them across the globe. New module-private `unwrapLons` in `lib/mapData.ts` re-expresses each arc's sample sequence in continuous longitudes (first sample keeps its raw lon; every later one is shifted by ±360 relative to the previous UNWRAPPED value until |Δlon| ≤ 180), applied inside `greatCircleArc` so all four line builders (`routesGeoJson`, `queuedRoutesGeoJson`, `hoverRouteGeoJson`, `hoverTraceGeoJson`) are fixed at once. One line stays one LineString — no splitting; out-of-range values render on MapLibre's adjacent world copies (`renderWorldCopies` is default-on). `queuedRoutesGeoJson` gets a second global pass after concatenation: each leg's arc unwraps relative to its OWN start airport, so at a joint the sequence can jump ±360 (leg 1 ends at dest+360k, leg 2 restarts at the raw dest) and the re-unwrap keeps multi-leg chains continuous. Non-crossing routes are byte-identical (no |Δlon| > 180 anywhere → the pass is a no-op).
+- **Tests.** Unit +4 in `lib/mapData.test.ts` (new "antimeridian crossing" block, real dataset pairs NZAA/NFTF/NZCH): eastward and westward crossings stay continuous (every consecutive |Δlon| < 180), endpoints exact mod 360 with the first sample still the raw origin, sampled chord length ≈ haversine within 1%, a non-crossing route's lons stay in [−180, 180], and a grounded plane's two-leg queue chain crossing ±180 stays continuous across the joint (the regression `queuedRoutesGeoJson`'s global pass guards). E2E +1 in `e2e/hover.spec.ts`: hovering an antimeridian-crossing package (hook-created NZAA → NFTF) draws one continuous trace — no rendered segment may contain a ±180 longitude jump; `expectHoverRoute`'s endpoint check now compares longitudes on the circle (mod 360, identical for any pair within ±180 so existing routes are unaffected) and `fitToAirports` unwraps crossing pairs so their bounds follow the short arc across the date line instead of spanning the wrong side of the globe.
+- **Known limitation (follow-up).** Plane MARKERS still use the snapshot's wrapped lat/lon (`lib/game/state.ts` → `positionAt`), so a plane mid-crossing teleports 360° on its marker at the instant it passes ±180 while its route line stays continuous. Fixing needs airport coordinates inside `planesGeoJson` (signature change + `Map.tsx` call site) — deliberately out of scope for this fix.
+
 ## v0.52.0 — 2026-09-22 10:45
 - **Fixed world clock, no player time controls (ISS-117).** The pause button and the 1×–1000× scale slider are gone from the left pane (`components/LeftPane.tsx`) — the world now always runs at a fixed `WORLD_TIME_SCALE = 24` (new client-safe `lib/worldClock.ts`, re-exported by the engine). The server advances time in a background tick: new `instrumentation.ts` starts `startBackgroundTick()` (1 s interval, singleton-guarded) under `NEXT_RUNTIME === 'nodejs'`, so the sim moves even with no open browser. **Idle-pause:** while no plane is flying or in repair the clock is frozen exactly — pure `shouldAdvanceTime(planes)` in `lib/sim/engine.ts` gates every tick (no catch-up jump on wake; `lastRealTickMs` still updates). Fresh worlds start at year 2000 (`STARTING_CLOCK_MS = Date.UTC(2000, 0, 1)` in `lib/game/seed.ts`; existing saves untouched — no migration). The client clock (`lib/useSimClock.ts`) extrapolates between polls at the fixed rate and freezes while idle, mirroring the server.
 - **API.** `POST /api/sim` deleted (route + OpenAPI entry; spec now lists twelve endpoints) and its controls removed from the engine (`applyTimeControls`, `clampTimeScale`, MIN/MAX_TIME_SCALE). The `/api/state` snapshot's `simState` is now `{ clockMs }` only — no `timeScale`/`paused`. New test-only hook `POST /api/test/set-timescale` behind the existing `FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1` gate (sibling of `/api/test/set-health`, same 404-when-disabled convention): body `{ timeScale: finite number in [1, 100_000] }` else 400; ticks first under the sim lock and returns `{ clockMs, timeScale }`. The e2e suite's per-spec `setScale` helpers now call it (and verify from the response); every spec restores the world rate in `afterEach`.

app/api/events/route.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { GET } from './route';
+
+let dir: string;
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  // Same pattern as app/api/state/route.test.ts: point the DB singleton at a throwaway file so
+  // this test never touches ./db/flight.db. getGameDb() reads the env var on first call, and
+  // vitest gives each test file its own module registry (fresh singleton).
+  dir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'flight-events-'));
+  process.env.FLIGHT_DB_PATH = path.join(dir, 'events.db');
+});
+
+afterAll(async () => {
+  delete process.env.FLIGHT_DB_PATH;
+  await fs.rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+describe('GET /api/events', () => {
+  it('streams SSE with the current snapshot as the first event', async () => {
+    const res = await GET();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(res.headers.get('content-type')).toContain('text/event-stream');
+    expect(res.headers.get('cache-control')).toBe('no-cache');
+    expect(res.headers.get('x-accel-buffering')).toBe('no');
+
+    const reader = (res.body as ReadableStream<Uint8Array>).getReader();
+    try {
+      const { value } = await reader.read(); // first chunk: the initial snapshot event
+      const text = new TextDecoder().decode(value);
+      expect(text.startsWith('data: ')).toBe(true);
+      const snap = JSON.parse(text.slice('data: '.length)) as Record<string, unknown>;
+      expect(typeof (snap.simState as { clockMs: number }).clockMs).toBe('number');
+    } finally {
+      await reader.cancel(); // → stream cancel → unsubscribe from the registry
+    }
+  });
+});

app/api/events/route.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { getStateSnapshot } from '@/lib/game/state';
+import { subscribe } from '@/lib/sse';
+
+// ISS-129 (v0.57.0): Server-Sent Events feed of full state snapshots — the current snapshot on
+// connect, then one after every sim tick (broadcast from lib/sim/engine.ts). One-way push; player
+// actions stay REST POSTs. Heartbeats keep idle proxies from dropping the connection.
+
+const encoder = new TextEncoder();
+const HEARTBEAT_MS = 15_000;
+
+export async function GET() {
+  let heartbeat: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+  let unsubscribe: (() => void) | null = null;
+  const cleanup = () => {
+    if (heartbeat !== null) clearInterval(heartbeat);
+    if (unsubscribe !== null) unsubscribe();
+  };
+
+  const stream = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
+    start(controller) {
+      // Snapshot FIRST, then subscribe — a broadcast can never land before the initial event, so
+      // events are strictly ordered by sim clock. A tick in the gap just means the client waits ≤1 s
+      // for the next push instead of seeing an out-of-order frame.
+      getStateSnapshot()
+        .then((snapshot) => {
+          unsubscribe = subscribe((text) => {
+            try {
+              // broadcast carries the bare snapshot JSON — wrap it in an SSE frame here (the route owns
+              // wire framing, matching the initial snapshot + heartbeat above; lib/sse stays generic).
+              controller.enqueue(encoder.encode(`data: ${text}\n\n`));
+            } catch {
+              // stream already closed — cleanup runs on cancel
+            }
+          });
+          heartbeat = setInterval(() => {
+            try {
+              controller.enqueue(encoder.encode(': ping\n\n'));
+            } catch {
+              // same as above
+            }
+          }, HEARTBEAT_MS);
+          controller.enqueue(encoder.encode(`data: ${JSON.stringify(snapshot)}\n\n`));
+        })
+        .catch(() => {
+          cleanup();
+          try {
+            controller.close();
+          } catch {
+            // already closed
+          }
+        });
+    },
+    cancel() {
+      cleanup(); // client went away — drop the subscription + heartbeat
+    },
+  });
+
+  return new Response(stream, {
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
+      'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
+      Connection: 'keep-alive',
+      'X-Accel-Buffering': 'no', // prod sits behind Traefik — don't buffer the stream
+    },
+  });
+}

app/icon.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 64 64">
+  <rect width="64" height="64" rx="14" fill="#93c5fd"/>
+  <path d="M32 5 L36 20 L59 33 L36 38 L35 47 L48 56 L35 52 L32 59 L29 52 L16 56 L29 47 L28 38 L5 33 L28 20 Z" fill="#fff"/>
+</svg>

e2e/actions.spec.ts

@@ -50,9 +50,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 }
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.ok()).toBeTruthy();
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // The e2e instance runs with FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1 (docker-compose.yml) — the hook is live.
@@ -93,9 +98,10 @@ async function setHealth(page: Page, planeId: string, fields: Record<string, unk
   expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
 }
 
-// Idle-pause (ISS-117) freezes a fully grounded fleet — put the starter in repair so the clock
+// A fully grounded fleet only advances at the idle real-time rate (ISS-128) — put the starter in
-// advances for tests that need it. The €1.5k repair cost is why the expiry test captures its
+// repair so the clock runs at FULL scale for tests that need fast-forwarding. The €1.5k repair cost
-// cash/rep baseline AFTER deactivateWorld; deactivateWorld restores full health and no gate afterwards.
+// is why the expiry test captures its cash/rep baseline AFTER deactivateWorld; deactivateWorld
+// restores full health and no gate afterwards.
 async function activateWorld(page: Page): Promise<void> {
   await setHealth(page, 'plane-starter', { health: 50 });
   expect((await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/repair')).status()).toBe(200);
@@ -176,6 +182,10 @@ async function flyHomeViaApi(page: Page): Promise<void> {
       expect(res.ok()).toBeTruthy();
     }
   }
+  // Run #168 retry cascade: a dirty self-heal return leg lands with a low tank, and the test's own
+  // dispatch then auto-refuels AFTER its cash baseline is captured — top up for free (test hook) so
+  // exact-cash assertions never see that cost.
+  await setFuelFull(page, 'plane-starter');
 }
 
 
@@ -334,9 +344,9 @@ test('expired packages deliver and abandon with no reward and no penalty', async
     expect(res.ok()).toBeTruthy();
   }
 
-  // Idle-pause (ISS-117): a fully grounded fleet freezes the clock, so expirePackages never runs —
+  // A fully grounded fleet only advances at the idle real-time rate (ISS-128) — put the starter in
-  // put the starter in repair for the expiry window only. The €1.5k repair cost is why the cash/rep
+  // repair for the expiry window so scale 1000 can fast-forward past both deadlines quickly. The €1.5k
-  // baseline below is captured AFTER deactivateWorld, not before it.
+  // repair cost is why the cash/rep baseline below is captured AFTER deactivateWorld, not before it.
   await activateWorld(page);
   try {
     // Fast-forward past both deadlines — the tick flips loaded → expired (slot kept).

e2e/api.spec.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ test('GET /api/version returns the app version from package.json', async ({ page
   expect(body.version).toBe(pkg.version);
 });
 
-test('GET /api/openapi serves the spec with all twelve endpoints and the package.json version', async ({ page }) => {
+test('GET /api/openapi serves the spec with all thirteen endpoints and the package.json version', async ({ page }) => {
   const res = await page.request.get('/api/openapi');
   expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
   expect(res.headers()['content-type']).toContain('application/json');
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ test('GET /api/openapi serves the spec with all twelve endpoints and the package
   // v0.12.0 swaps the contract accept/dispatch pair for package load/abandon + plane fly.
   expect(Object.keys(spec.paths).sort()).toEqual([
     '/api/airports',
+    '/api/events', // v0.57.0 (ISS-129) — SSE state stream
     '/api/market/buy-plane',
     '/api/market/sell-plane',
     '/api/packages/{id}/abandon',

e2e/events.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
+
+// ISS-129 (v0.57.0): /api/events pushes full state snapshots over SSE — the current snapshot on
+// connect, then one after every sim tick (~1 s; the background tick runs even while idle since
+// v0.56.0, so no scale hook is needed). Reached via the same base URL as playwright.config.ts
+// (E2E_BASE_URL, defaulting to the live instance) — node-side fetch, no browser involved.
+const baseUrl = process.env.E2E_BASE_URL ?? 'https://flight.dev.kkhost.pl';
+
+interface StateBody {
+  simState: { clockMs: number };
+}
+
+test('GET /api/events streams state snapshots over SSE', async () => {
+  const res = await fetch(`${baseUrl}/api/events`, { headers: { Accept: 'text/event-stream' } });
+  expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+  expect(res.headers.get('content-type')).toContain('text/event-stream');
+  expect(res.body).not.toBeNull();
+
+  const reader = res.body!.getReader();
+  const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+  let buffer = '';
+  const clocks: number[] = []; // simState.clockMs of each parsed snapshot event
+
+  try {
+    // Collect two snapshot events: the initial one, then at least one pushed by a background tick.
+    const deadline = Date.now() + 15_000;
+    while (clocks.length < 2 && Date.now() < deadline) {
+      let chunk: ReadableStreamReadResult<Uint8Array>;
+      try {
+        chunk = await Promise.race([
+          reader.read(),
+          new Promise<never>((_, reject) =>
+            setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('SSE stream stalled')), Math.max(1, deadline - Date.now())),
+          ),
+        ]);
+      } catch {
+        break; // stalled or past the deadline — let the length assertion report it
+      }
+      if (chunk.done) break; // stream ended early — same
+      buffer += decoder.decode(chunk.value, { stream: true });
+      let sep: number;
+      while ((sep = buffer.indexOf('\n\n')) >= 0) {
+        const frame = buffer.slice(0, sep);
+        buffer = buffer.slice(sep + 2);
+        for (const line of frame.split('\n')) {
+          if (!line.startsWith('data: ')) continue; // heartbeats are comment lines (" : ping")
+          const snap = JSON.parse(line.slice('data: '.length)) as StateBody;
+          clocks.push(snap.simState.clockMs);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } finally {
+    await reader.cancel(); // close the stream → server unsubscribes
+  }
+
+  // The initial snapshot arrives on connect; the second comes from a background tick within ~1 s.
+  expect(clocks.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
+  expect(clocks[1]).toBeGreaterThan(clocks[0]); // clock advanced between pushes — real updates, not replays
+});

e2e/expiry.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import type { Page } from '@playwright/test';
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
+// Real helpers (v0.54.0) — the expiry floor must match lib/ exactly; Playwright resolves the repo's
+// tsconfig paths, so importing beats mirroring a third copy of the constants/formulas.
+import { haversineKm } from '../lib/geo';
+import { travelDurationMs } from '../lib/sim/movement';
+import { FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH } from '../lib/game/catalog';
+import { EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS } from '../lib/game/seed';
+
+// v0.54.0 (ISS-119) — long priority jobs must be finishable: a package's deadline is clamped up to
+// now + travel time at the fastest catalog speed + buffer, so no generated job can expire before even
+// the best plane could land. The EXISTING POST /api/test/create-package hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1)
+// forces a far-apart endpoint pair (~9000 km, at MAX_JOB_LEG_KM); this spec asserts the invariant on
+// every returned package — no new server hooks needed. No scale changes, plane interaction, polling or
+// map queries are involved (the assertion is self-contained in the hook response), so none of those
+// conventions apply here.
+
+const FROM = 'EDDB'; // Berlin Brandenburg
+const TO = 'KSMF'; // Sacramento International — ~9000 km from EDDB, at MAX_JOB_LEG_KM
+const COUNT = 10; // priority packages created and checked
+
+interface Pkg {
+  id: string;
+  originIcao: string;
+  destIcao: string;
+  createdSimTime: number;
+  deadlineSimTime: number;
+}
+
+async function createPriorityPackage(page: Page, from: string, to: string): Promise<Pkg> {
+  const res = await page.request.post('/api/test/create-package', { data: { originIcao: from, destIcao: to, special: 'priority' } });
+  expect(res.status()).toBe(201);
+  return (await res.json()) as Pkg;
+}
+
+test('long-leg priority packages always expire after travel time at max speed + buffer', async ({ page }) => {
+  // The pair's real coordinates from the live dataset — the floor is computed on the same km the server uses.
+  const res = await page.request.get('/api/airports');
+  expect(res.ok()).toBeTruthy();
+  const fc = (await res.json()) as { features: Array<{ properties: { icao: string; lat: number; lon: number } }> };
+  const from = fc.features.find((f) => f.properties.icao === FROM)?.properties;
+  const to = fc.features.find((f) => f.properties.icao === TO)?.properties;
+  expect(from, `${FROM} missing from the airport dataset`).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(to, `${TO} missing from the airport dataset`).toBeTruthy();
+  if (!from || !to) return; // guarded above — keeps the math below total
+
+  const km = haversineKm(from.lat, from.lon, to.lat, to.lon);
+  expect(km).toBeGreaterThan(7_000); // guard: the pair must still be a long leg or this test is vacuous
+  const floorMs = travelDurationMs(km, FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH) + EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS;
+
+  const created: Pkg[] = [];
+  try {
+    for (let i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) {
+      const pkg = await createPriorityPackage(page, FROM, TO);
+      expect(pkg.originIcao).toBe(FROM);
+      expect(pkg.destIcao).toBe(TO);
+      // The invariant (ISS-119): the deadline must leave at least travel time + buffer after creation.
+      // deadlineSimTime = round(now + offset) with offset ≥ floorMs, so this holds exactly.
+      const offsetMs = pkg.deadlineSimTime - pkg.createdSimTime;
+      expect(offsetMs).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(Math.floor(floorMs));
+      // And the clamp must not blow past the priority ceiling (36 h) — the deadline stays sane.
+      expect(offsetMs).toBeLessThanOrEqual(36 * 3_600_000);
+      created.push(pkg);
+    }
+  } finally {
+    // Cleanup: dismiss every package this test created so it leaves no trace on the shared board.
+    for (const pkg of created) {
+      const r = await page.request.post(`/api/packages/${pkg.id}/ignore`);
+      expect(r.ok(), `ignoring ${pkg.id}`).toBeTruthy();
+    }
+  }
+});

e2e/hover.spec.ts

@@ -48,9 +48,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 }
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): set the world rate and VERIFY from the response that it stuck —
@@ -84,33 +89,30 @@ async function setFuelFull(page: Page, planeId: string): Promise<void> {
   expect((await page.request.post('/api/test/set-fuel', { data: { planeId, fuel: p.maxFuel } })).status()).toBe(200);
 }
 
-// Self-heal: let any in-flight leg finish, then reposition plane-starter home via the API.
+// Self-heal (same pattern as e2e/panes.spec.ts): restore full health / clear any repair gate from an
+// interrupted run, let any in-flight leg finish, then reposition plane-starter home via the API.
 async function flyHomeViaApi(page: Page): Promise<void> {
-  const s0 = await getState(page);
+  // v0.39.0 (ISS-069): wear accumulates across the shared CI DB — restore full health and clear any
-  const starter = s0.planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')!;
+  // active repair gate from an interrupted run before acting on the starter.
+  expect((await page.request.post('/api/test/set-health', { data: { planeId: 'plane-starter', health: 100, repairUntilMs: 0 } })).status()).toBe(200);
+  let s = await getState(page); // ticks — a shortened gate flips the plane back to available here
+  let starter = s.planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')!;
   if (starter.status === 'flying' || starter.locationIcao !== HUB) {
     // Fast-forward any leftover leg / repositioning flight (~20 s real time worst case at 1000×).
     await setScale(page, SCALE);
   }
   if (starter.status === 'flying') {
-    await expect
+    // While flying, locationIcao stays at the DEPARTURE airport — re-read state after landing.
-      .poll(async () => (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.status === 'available', {
+    await expect.poll(async () => ((await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.status ?? ''), { timeout: 240_000 }).toBe('available');
-        timeout: 240_000,
+    s = await getState(page);
-        message: 'waiting for an in-flight plane-starter to land',
+    starter = s.planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')!;
-      })
-      .toBe(true);
   }
   if (starter.locationIcao !== HUB) {
     // Make sure the world rate is back at SCALE so the return leg fast-forwards.
     await setScale(page, SCALE);
     const res = await page.request.post('/api/planes/plane-starter/fly', { data: { destIcao: HUB } });
     expect(res.status()).toBe(200); // repositioning needs no package (v0.12.0 manual flight)
-    await expect
+    await expect.poll(async () => ((await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.locationIcao ?? ''), { timeout: 240_000 }).toBe(HUB);
-      .poll(async () => (await getState(page)).planes.find((p) => p.id === 'plane-starter')?.locationIcao === HUB, {
-        timeout: 240_000,
-        message: 'waiting for plane-starter to land back at the hub',
-      })
-      .toBe(true);
   }
 }
 
@@ -171,6 +173,16 @@ async function fitToAirports(page: Page, icaos: string[]): Promise<void> {
     if (!f) throw new Error(`airport ${icao} not found in /api/airports`);
     return [f.properties.lon, f.properties.lat] as [number, number];
   });
+  // ISS-120 (v0.53.0): raw min/max bounds for a pair straddling ±180 span the WRONG side of the globe
+  // (−175…+174 covers the Atlantic, not the Pacific) — unwrap each point relative to its predecessor so
+  // the bounds follow the short arc across the date line. Non-crossing pairs are unchanged.
+  for (let i = 1; i < points.length; i++) {
+    let lon = points[i]![0];
+    const prev = points[i - 1]![0];
+    while (lon - prev > 180) lon -= 360;
+    while (prev - lon > 180) lon += 360;
+    points[i]![0] = lon;
+  }
   await page.evaluate((pts: [number, number][]) => {
     const m = (window as any).__flightMap;
     if (!m) throw new Error('map not ready');
@@ -217,8 +229,13 @@ const HOVER_ROUTE_EPS_DEG = 0.05; // ~5 km: above worst-case quantization at any
 
 async function expectHoverRoute(page: Page, fromIcao: string, toIcao: string): Promise<void> {
   const [from, to] = await Promise.all([airportLonLat(page, fromIcao), airportLonLat(page, toIcao)]);
-  const near = (a: [number, number], b: [number, number]) =>
+  // ISS-120 (v0.53.0): antimeridian-crossing traces end UNWRAPPED — the dest-side endpoint is ≡ dest
-    Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]) <= HOVER_ROUTE_EPS_DEG && Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) <= HOVER_ROUTE_EPS_DEG;
+  // (mod 360) but sits at e.g. +184.9 instead of −175.1, so compare longitudes on the circle. For any
+  // two lons within ±180 of each other this equals the plain |Δlon| — existing routes are unaffected.
+  const near = (a: [number, number], b: [number, number]) => {
+    const dLon = Math.abs(a[0] - b[0]);
+    return Math.min(dLon, 360 - dLon) <= HOVER_ROUTE_EPS_DEG && Math.abs(a[1] - b[1]) <= HOVER_ROUTE_EPS_DEG;
+  };
   await expect.poll(async () => {
     const feats = (await renderedFeatures(page, ['hover-route'])) as Array<{ geometry?: { type: string; coordinates: [number, number][] } }>;
     // Features are plain objects with in-page-evaluated geometry (see renderedFeatures). The filter
@@ -344,6 +361,51 @@ test('hovering an open package highlights its endpoint airports', async ({ page
   }).toBe(0);
 });
 
+// ISS-120 (v0.53.0): Auckland → Fua'amotu (Tonga) — both in the world dataset, and their short great
+// circle crosses ±180 EASTWARD. Before the fix the arc's wrapped samples jumped +179.x → −179.x and
+// MapLibre connected them with a chord across the whole map; now the trace is one continuous line.
+test('hovering an antimeridian-crossing package draws one continuous trace, no chord across the map', async ({ page }) => {
+  test.setTimeout(300_000); // self-heal can take minutes after an interrupted run
+  await flyHomeViaApi(page);
+
+  const pkg = await createPackage(page, 'NZAA', 'NFTF');
+
+  await page.goto('/');
+  await waitForAirportCount(page);
+
+  const row = page.locator(`li[data-testid="open-package-${pkg.id}"]`);
+  await expect(row, 'the hook-created package appears in the list').toBeVisible({ timeout: 15_000 });
+
+  // fitToAirports unwraps crossing pairs (ISS-120) so both endpoints are in-viewport.
+  await fitToAirports(page, ['NZAA', 'NFTF']);
+
+  await row.hover();
+  await expectHoverRoute(page, 'NZAA', 'NFTF'); // endpoint check is mod-360 aware now (ISS-120)
+
+  // The regression itself: no rendered segment may contain a ±180 longitude jump — that was the chord.
+  await expect.poll(async () => {
+    const feats = (await renderedFeatures(page, ['hover-route'])) as Array<{ geometry?: { type: string; coordinates: [number, number][] } }>;
+    const segs = feats.filter(
+      (f): f is { geometry: { type: 'LineString'; coordinates: [number, number][] } } =>
+        !!f.geometry && f.geometry.type === 'LineString' && Array.isArray(f.geometry.coordinates) && f.geometry.coordinates.length >= 2,
+    );
+    if (!segs.length) return false; // none yet — keep polling
+    for (const s of segs) {
+      const c = s.geometry.coordinates;
+      for (let i = 1; i < c.length; i++) {
+        if (Math.abs(c[i]![0] - c[i - 1]![0]) >= 180) return false; // a wrapped jump — the chord bug is back
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }, { timeout: 15_000, message: 'waiting for the hover-route trace to be continuous across the antimeridian' }).toBe(true);
+
+  await unhover(page);
+  await expect.poll(async () => (await renderedFeatures(page, ['hover-route'])).length, {
+    timeout: 15_000,
+    message: 'waiting for the hover route trace to clear after mouseleave',
+  }).toBe(0);
+});
+
 test('hovering an on-board cargo row draws its trace and keeps the plane halo', async ({ page }) => {
   test.setTimeout(300_000); // self-heal can take minutes after an interrupted run
   await flyHomeViaApi(page); // deterministic: the starter sits grounded at EDDF

e2e/maintenance.spec.ts

@@ -42,9 +42,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 }
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): set the world rate and VERIFY from the response that it stuck —

e2e/map-interactions.spec.ts

@@ -60,9 +60,14 @@ function haversineKm(lat1: number, lon1: number, lat2: number, lon2: number): nu
 }
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): set the world rate and VERIFY from the response that it stuck —

e2e/panes.spec.ts

@@ -16,9 +16,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 }
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): set the world rate and VERIFY from the response that it stuck.
@@ -34,9 +39,9 @@ async function setHealth(page: Page, planeId: string, fields: Record<string, unk
   expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
 }
 
-// Idle-pause (ISS-117) freezes a fully grounded fleet — put the starter in repair so the clock
+// A fully grounded fleet only advances at the idle real-time rate (ISS-128) — put the starter in
-// advances for tests that need it. The €1.5k repair cost is irrelevant to every spec's relative
+// repair so the clock runs at FULL scale for tests that need fast-forwarding. The €1.5k repair cost
-// cash assertions; deactivateWorld restores full health and no gate afterwards.
+// is irrelevant to every spec's relative cash assertions; deactivateWorld restores full health and no gate afterwards.
 async function activateWorld(page: Page): Promise<void> {
   await setHealth(page, STARTER, { health: 50 });
   expect((await page.request.post(`/api/planes/${STARTER}/repair`)).status()).toBe(200);
@@ -146,7 +151,7 @@ test('sim clock ticks smoothly between polls at the fixed world rate (ISS-007, I
   // 409s on non-available planes — it must be grounded before activateWorld.
   await flyHomeViaApi(page);
   await setScale(page, WORLD); // self-heal may have left the fast test rate behind
-  // Idle-pause freezes a grounded fleet — put the starter in repair so the clock advances.
+  // A grounded fleet only advances at the idle real-time rate (ISS-128) — put the starter in repair for full scale.
   await activateWorld(page);
   try {
     await page.goto('/');
@@ -192,3 +197,16 @@ test('right pane placeholder exists with the Jobs & Market heading', async ({ pa
   await expect(page.getByTestId('tab-planes-market')).toBeVisible();
   await expect(page.getByTestId('tab-jobs')).toHaveAttribute('aria-selected', 'true');
 });
+
+test('favicon ships as /icon.svg (ISS-122)', async ({ page }) => {
+  await page.goto('/');
+  // App Router file convention: app/icon.svg is auto-served and injected into the head.
+  const link = page.locator('head link[rel~="icon"]');
+  await expect(link).toHaveCount(1);
+  // Production builds append a content-hash query string to the auto-injected icon href.
+  expect(await link.getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/^\/icon\.svg/);
+
+  const res = await page.request.get('/icon.svg');
+  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  expect(res.headers()['content-type']).toContain('image/svg+xml');
+});

e2e/queue.spec.ts

@@ -47,9 +47,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 }
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): set the world rate and VERIFY from the response that it stuck.

e2e/relocation.spec.ts

@@ -21,9 +21,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 }
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.ok()).toBeTruthy();
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): top the starter's tank back to full — replaces the removed /refuel

e2e/right-pane.spec.ts

@@ -70,9 +70,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 const eur = (v: number) => new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', { style: 'currency', currency: 'EUR' }).format(v);
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): set the world rate and VERIFY from the response that it stuck —
@@ -267,19 +272,28 @@ test('on-board list: fly-to-destination + abandon with penalty preview; flying p
   const onboardRow = page.getByTestId(`onboard-package-${pkg.id}`);
   await expect(onboardRow, 'loaded package appears in the on-board list').toBeVisible({ timeout: 15_000 });
 
-  // The abandon button previews the exact penalty at the snapshot's clock (same formula as the server).
+  // The abandon button previews the penalty at its snapshot's clock (same formula as the server).
   // The fleet is grounded here (the starter just loaded; workers:1 and every spec's cleanup leave no
-  // other planes), so idle-pause (ISS-117) freezes the clock — verify it actually did, so every
+  // other planes), so the world runs at the idle real-time rate (ISS-128) — verify it actually did,
-  // snapshot (mine and the UI's last poll) shares one clock value instead of racing the 1 s poll loop.
+  // then bound the UI's staleness instead of racing a frozen clock.
-  const frozenClock = (await getState(page)).simState.clockMs;
+  const c0 = (await getState(page)).simState.clockMs;
+  const t0 = Date.now();
   await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 1_500)); // > one background-tick interval
-  expect(
-    (await getState(page)).simState.clockMs,
-    'world should be frozen while the fleet is idle (ISS-117)',
-  ).toBe(frozenClock);
   const state = await getState(page);
+  const idleDelta = state.simState.clockMs - c0;
+  expect(idleDelta, 'world should advance at the idle real-time rate while grounded (ISS-128)').toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  expect(idleDelta).toBeLessThan((Date.now() - t0) * WORLD); // clearly below the full world rate
+
+  // The UI renders the penalty from its last snapshot — up to one poll interval (~1 s, useGameState)
+  // older than `state`, i.e. ≤ ~2 game-seconds of clock drift at the idle real-time rate (ISS-128).
+  // Allow the formula's slope over that window instead of an exact string match.
+  const DRIFT_MS = 3_000; // a couple of poll intervals at the idle rate (= 1), margin for slow CI boxes
+  const span = pkg.deadlineSimTime - pkg.createdSimTime;
+  const penaltyText = ((await page.getByTestId(`abandon-penalty-${pkg.id}`).textContent()) ?? '').replace(/[^0-9.]/g, '');
+  expect(Number.isFinite(Number(penaltyText)), `penalty text: ${penaltyText}`).toBe(true);
   const expectedPenalty = penaltyFor(pkg.reward, pkg.createdSimTime, pkg.deadlineSimTime, state.simState.clockMs);
-  await expect(page.getByTestId(`abandon-penalty-${pkg.id}`)).toContainText(eur(expectedPenalty));
+  const slopePerGameMs = (pkg.reward * 0.45) / span; // abandonPenaltyPct's SPAN across the package lifetime
+  expect(Math.abs(Number(penaltyText) - expectedPenalty)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(slopePerGameMs * DRIFT_MS + 0.01);
 
   // Fly to the destination through the UI — the button is the destination's name.
   const flyBtn = page.getByTestId(`fly-to-${pkg.id}`);

e2e/sim.spec.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 import { test, expect, type Page } from '@playwright/test';
 
-// v0.52.0 (ISS-117) fixed world clock against the live origin: idle-pause freezing a grounded
+// v0.52.0 (ISS-117) fixed world clock against the live origin: a fully grounded fleet slowing to
-// fleet, background-tick advance at a raised rate while something is active, package expiry via
+// real time instead of freezing (ISS-128), background-tick advance at a raised rate while
-// the FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS hooks (enabled in docker-compose.yml), and market top-up.
+// something is active, package expiry via the FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS hooks (enabled in docker-compose.yml),
+// and market top-up.
 
 // Must match lib/sim/engine.ts — kept in sync manually (same pattern as MIN_ZOOM/MAX_ZOOM in map.spec.ts).
 const MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS = 2_000;
 const SCALE = 1000; // test rate for fast-forwarding legs
 const WORLD = 24; // the fixed world rate (ISS-117) — must match lib/worldClock.ts
+const IDLE = 1; // the idle real-time rate (ISS-128) — must match IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE in lib/worldClock.ts (= WORLD / 24)
 const MAX_DELTA_PER_TICK = MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS * SCALE; // 2_000_000 game ms per tick at scale 1000
 // Must match MARKET_TARGET_OPEN_PACKAGES in lib/game/seed.ts.
 const MARKET_TARGET = 10;
@@ -23,9 +25,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 const sleep = (ms: number) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): set the world rate and VERIFY from the response that it stuck.
@@ -41,9 +48,10 @@ async function setHealth(page: Page, planeId: string, fields: Record<string, unk
   expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
 }
 
-// Idle-pause (ISS-117) freezes a fully grounded fleet — put the starter in repair so the clock
+// A fully grounded fleet only advances at the idle real-time rate (ISS-128) — put the starter in
-// advances for tests that need it. The €1.5k repair cost is irrelevant to every spec's relative
+// repair so the clock runs at FULL scale for tests that need fast-forwarding. The €1.5k repair
-// cash assertions; deactivateWorld restores full health and no gate afterwards.
+// cost is irrelevant to every spec's relative cash assertions; deactivateWorld restores full health
+// and no gate afterwards.
 async function activateWorld(page: Page): Promise<void> {
   await setHealth(page, STARTER, { health: 50 });
   expect((await page.request.post(`/api/planes/${STARTER}/repair`)).status()).toBe(200);
@@ -65,14 +73,25 @@ test.afterEach(async ({ page }) => {
   await setScale(page, WORLD);
 });
 
-test('a fully grounded fleet freezes the clock exactly across polls (idle-pause)', async ({ page }) => {
+test('a fully grounded fleet slows the clock to real time instead of freezing it (ISS-128)', async ({ page }) => {
   const s = await getState(page);
   expect(s.planes.every((p) => p.status === 'available'), 'fleet should be grounded at spec start').toBe(true);
-  const frozen = s.simState.clockMs;
+
-  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+  const t0 = Date.now();
-    await sleep(500);
+  const c0 = s.simState.clockMs;
-    expect((await getState(page)).simState.clockMs, 'clock must not advance while the fleet is idle').toBe(frozen);
+  await sleep(2_500); // ~2.5 s of real idleness — several background ticks plus the reads below
-  }
+  const after = await getState(page);
+  const elapsedReal = Date.now() - t0;
+
+  const delta = after.simState.clockMs - c0;
+  expect(delta, 'the idle clock must advance (no longer frozen)').toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  // ≈ real time: each tick counts min(gap, MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS) × IDLE rate, so the total can only fall
+  // short of the wall span when a tick gap was clamped — worst case is one clamped idle-rate tick.
+  expect(delta).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(Math.min(elapsedReal * IDLE * 0.5, MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS * IDLE));
+  // …and never more than the wall span itself (plus one clamp of pre-read downtime for slow boxes)…
+  expect(delta).toBeLessThanOrEqual(elapsedReal + MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS);
+  // …which is clearly below the full world rate: at ×24 this window would be ≥ ~60 game seconds.
+  expect(delta).toBeLessThan(elapsedReal * WORLD);
 });
 
 test('timeScale 1000 advances the clock by roughly real-time × 1000 between polls', async ({ page }) => {

e2e/state.spec.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
 const repoRoot = path.join(__dirname, '..');
 const composeArgs = process.env.E2E_COMPOSE_ARGS ?? '';
 
+// Must match lib/sim/engine.ts — kept in sync manually (same pattern as e2e/sim.spec.ts).
+const MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS = 2_000;
+
 interface StateBody {
   account: { cash: number; reputation: number };
   simState: { clockMs: number }; // ISS-117: the snapshot carries only the game clock
@@ -42,8 +45,9 @@ test('GET /api/state returns a seeded snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
 test('state survives a container restart (sim clock + account persisted)', async ({ page }) => {
   test.setTimeout(180_000);
 
-  // Self-heal to a fully grounded fleet first — idle-pause (ISS-117) then freezes the clock, so the
+  // Self-heal to a fully grounded fleet first — while idle the clock advances at real time
-  // post-restart snapshot must match byte-for-byte instead of within one tick bound.
+  // (ISS-128), so the post-restart snapshot is bounded by one clamped tick of downtime plus live
+  // ticks, not byte-for-byte identical.
   await expect
     .poll(async () => {
       const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
@@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ test('state survives a container restart (sim clock + account persisted)', async
   const resBefore = await page.request.get('/api/state');
   expect(resBefore.status()).toBe(200);
   const before = (await resBefore.json()) as StateBody;
+  const tBefore = Date.now();
 
   execSync(`docker compose ${composeArgs} restart flight`, { cwd: repoRoot, stdio: 'pipe' });
 
@@ -75,11 +80,17 @@ test('state survives a container restart (sim clock + account persisted)', async
 
   expect(after).toBeDefined();
   const a = after!;
+  const tAfter = Date.now();
 
-  // The DB file on the volume must be loaded, not re-seeded (PLAN.md: "sim clock
+  // The DB file on the volume must be loaded, not re-seeded (PLAN.md: "sim clock persisted across
-  // persisted across sessions"): account and entity ids are byte-identical. With the fleet
+  // sessions"): account and entity ids are byte-identical. With the fleet grounded above, ISS-128
-  // grounded above, idle-pause keeps the clock frozen across the restart — exact equality.
+  // advances the clock at real time while idle — bounded tolerance instead of exact equality: no
-  expect(a.simState.clockMs).toBe(before.simState.clockMs);
+  // ticks run while the container is down, so the first post-restart tick counts the downtime
+  // clamped to MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS × IDLE rate (= 1), and every other counted gap lies inside the
+  // live wall span [tBefore, tAfter] at that same rate. A re-seed would reset clockMs backwards.
+  const delta = a.simState.clockMs - before.simState.clockMs;
+  expect(delta).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0); // never goes backwards — not re-seeded
+  expect(delta).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS + (tAfter - tBefore));
   expect(a.account.cash).toBe(before.account.cash);
   expect(a.account.reputation).toBe(before.account.reputation);
   expect(a.planes.map((p) => p.id).sort()).toEqual(before.planes.map((p) => p.id).sort());

e2e/toasts.spec.ts

@@ -18,9 +18,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 }
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 test('failed actions toast at the map right edge, clear of the right pane (inline error stays), and the Time section offers a notifications opt-in', async ({ page }) => {

e2e/two-planes.spec.ts

@@ -67,9 +67,14 @@ interface StateBody {
 const eur = (v: number) => new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', { style: 'currency', currency: 'EUR' }).format(v);
 
 async function getState(page: Page): Promise<StateBody> {
-  const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+  // ISS-127: /api/state intermittently 500s under scale-1000 dind load; a throw here would
-  expect(res.status()).toBe(200);
+  // instantly fail any expect.poll callback, so retry briefly instead.
-  return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+  for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+    const res = await page.request.get('/api/state');
+    if (res.status() === 200) return (await res.json()) as StateBody;
+    if (attempt >= 3) throw new Error(`/api/state returned ${res.status()} after 3 attempts`);
+    await page.waitForTimeout(500);
+  }
 }
 
 // Test hook (FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS=1): set the world rate and VERIFY from the response that it stuck.

lib/db/client.ts

@@ -211,12 +211,14 @@ export async function persist(instance: GameDb): Promise<void> {
   await fs.rename(tmp, instance.file);
 }
 
-// Singleton for the app process; openGameDb() is the uncached variant (tests).
+// Singleton for the app process; openGameDb() is the uncached variant (tests). ISS-129 (v0.57.0):
-let ready: Promise<GameDb> | null = null;
+// lives on globalThis because Next.js can load this module more than once per process —
+// instrumentation.ts and route handlers get separate module instances, so a plain `let` would give
+// each its own in-memory sql.js DB (both persisting to the same file). One world per process.
+const g = globalThis as unknown as { __flightGameDb?: Promise<GameDb> };
 
 export function getGameDb(): Promise<GameDb> {
-  if (!ready) ready = open(defaultDbPath());
+  return (g.__flightGameDb ??= open(defaultDbPath()));
-  return ready;
 }
 
 export async function openGameDb(file: string): Promise<GameDb> {

lib/game/catalog.ts

@@ -97,6 +97,11 @@ export const PLANE_TYPES: Record<string, PlaneType> = {
   },
 };
 
+// v0.54.0 (ISS-119): fastest cruise speed in the catalog — a generated job must be finishable by
+// the best available aircraft, so seed's expiry floor references this, not the starter's 510 km/h
+// (that would wreck long-job economics). Data-driven: adding a faster plane tightens the floor.
+export const FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH = Math.max(...Object.values(PLANE_TYPES).map((t) => t.speedKmh));
+
 // The plane the player starts with.
 export const STARTER_MODEL = 'atr72';
 

lib/game/seed.test.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 import { WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from '@/lib/worldClock';
 import { haversineKm } from '@/lib/geo';
-import { PLANE_TYPES, repRate, STARTER_MODEL } from './catalog';
+import { travelDurationMs } from '@/lib/sim/movement';
+import { FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH, PLANE_TYPES, repRate, STARTER_MODEL } from './catalog';
 import { SPECIALS } from './specials';
 import {
   BASE_REWARD,
   buildSeed,
+  EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS,
   JOB_BONUS_PER_REP,
   MAX_JOB_BONUS,
   PACKAGE_COUNT_MAX,
@@ -437,3 +439,84 @@ describe('distance cap (v0.44.0, ISS-079)', () => {
     }
   });
 });
+
+describe('expiry floor (v0.54.0, ISS-119)', () => {
+  // Pre-v0.54.0 deadline for a forced-endpoint + forced-special package: replays the fixed draw order
+  // (cargoType, cargoCount, weight jitter, window — forced inputs consume no draws) so short-leg
+  // packages can be pinned byte-identical to the old behavior.
+  const oldDeadlineFor = (seed: number, scale: number): number => {
+    const rng = mulberry32(seed);
+    rng(); // cargoType
+    rng(); // cargoCount
+    rng(); // weight jitter
+    const w = rng(); // deadline window
+    return Math.round(NOW + (6 + w * (72 - 6)) * 3_600_000 * scale);
+  };
+
+  it('pins the constants: fastest catalog speed (not the starter) and a flat 1 h buffer', () => {
+    expect(FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH).toBe(Math.max(...Object.values(PLANE_TYPES).map((t) => t.speedKmh)));
+    expect(FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH).toBeGreaterThan(PLANE_TYPES[STARTER_MODEL].speedKmh);
+    expect(EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS).toBe(3_600_000);
+  });
+
+  it('every generated package on the real dataset satisfies deadline ≥ now + travel time at max speed + buffer', async () => {
+    const { loadAirportsGeoJson } = await import('@/lib/airports');
+    const fc = await loadAirportsGeoJson();
+    const airports: SeedAirport[] = fc.features.map((f) => ({ icao: f.properties.icao, name: f.properties.name, lat: f.properties.lat, lon: f.properties.lon }));
+    for (let seed = 1; seed <= 200; seed++) {
+      const c = generatePackage({ id: `c-floor-${seed}`, airports, rng: mulberry32(seed), nowMs: NOW }); // special rolls naturally (~15% priority)
+      const o = airports.find((a) => a.icao === c.originIcao)!;
+      const d = airports.find((a) => a.icao === c.destIcao)!;
+      const floorMs = travelDurationMs(haversineKm(o.lat, o.lon, d.lat, d.lon), FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH) + EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS;
+      expect(c.deadlineSimTime).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(Math.round(NOW + floorMs));
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('long legs near MAX_JOB_LEG_KM are clamped up to the floor for every special (real dataset)', async () => {
+    const { loadAirportsGeoJson } = await import('@/lib/airports');
+    const fc = await loadAirportsGeoJson();
+    const airports: SeedAirport[] = fc.features.map((f) => ({ icao: f.properties.icao, name: f.properties.name, lat: f.properties.lat, lon: f.properties.lon }));
+    // Farthest pair within the cap — a leg as long as any generated job can be.
+    let bestI = -1;
+    let bestJ = -1;
+    let bestKm = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < airports.length; i++) {
+      for (let j = i + 1; j < airports.length; j++) {
+        const km = haversineKm(airports[i].lat, airports[i].lon, airports[j].lat, airports[j].lon);
+        if (km <= MAX_JOB_LEG_KM && km > bestKm) {
+          bestI = i;
+          bestJ = j;
+          bestKm = km;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    expect(bestKm).toBeGreaterThan(8_000); // the dataset really spans near-cap legs
+
+    const floorMs = travelDurationMs(bestKm, FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH) + EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS;
+    for (const special of ['priority', null] as const) {
+      let clamped = 0;
+      for (let seed = 1; seed <= 50; seed++) {
+        const c = generatePackage({ id: `c-long-${special ?? 'plain'}-${seed}`, airports, rng: mulberry32(seed), nowMs: NOW, originIcao: airports[bestI].icao, destIcao: airports[bestJ].icao, special });
+        expect(c.deadlineSimTime).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(Math.round(NOW + floorMs)); // the invariant
+        if (c.deadlineSimTime === Math.round(NOW + floorMs)) clamped++; // landed exactly on the floor → the clamp fired
+      }
+      // Deterministic for these fixed seeds — proves the clamp actually engages, not just vacuously holds.
+      expect(clamped).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('short legs are byte-identical to the pre-v0.54.0 draw (no economy regression)', () => {
+    // EDDF→EHAM ≈ 370 km → floor ≈ 1.4 h — below even the priority minimum window (3 h), so the clamp never fires here.
+    for (const seed of [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) {
+      const plain = generatePackage({ id: 'c-short', airports: AIRPORTS, rng: mulberry32(seed), nowMs: NOW, originIcao: 'EDDF', destIcao: 'EHAM', special: null });
+      expect(plain.deadlineSimTime).toBe(oldDeadlineFor(seed, 1));
+      const prio = generatePackage({ id: 'c-short-p', airports: AIRPORTS, rng: mulberry32(seed), nowMs: NOW, originIcao: 'EDDF', destIcao: 'EHAM', special: 'priority' });
+      expect(prio.deadlineSimTime).toBe(oldDeadlineFor(seed, SPECIALS.priority.deadlineScale));
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('forced deadline offsets still skip the floor (e2e expiry hook)', () => {
+    const c = generatePackage({ id: 'c-floor-hook', airports: AIRPORTS, rng: mulberry32(1), nowMs: NOW, originIcao: 'EDDF', destIcao: 'EHAM', special: null, deadlineOffsetMs: 10_000 });
+    expect(c.deadlineSimTime).toBe(NOW + 10_000); // the hook's near-term expiry is untouched by the floor
+  });
+});

lib/game/seed.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { haversineKm } from '@/lib/geo';
+import { travelDurationMs } from '@/lib/sim/movement';
 import { WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from '@/lib/worldClock';
-import { PLANE_TYPES, repRate, STARTER_MODEL } from './catalog';
+import { FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH, PLANE_TYPES, repRate, STARTER_MODEL } from './catalog';
 import { pickSpecial, SPECIALS } from './specials';
 
 // First-run seed. Everything here is a pure function of (airports, rng, nowMs)
@@ -123,6 +124,10 @@ const LEG_CAP_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 25;
 const DEADLINE_MIN_HOURS = 6;
 const DEADLINE_MAX_HOURS = 72;
 
+// v0.54.0 (ISS-119): flat slack added to travel time in the expiry floor — a deadline must leave at
+// least this much after the fastest plane lands, so dispatch + landing are never instant.
+export const EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS = 3_600_000; // 1 h
+
 const CARGO_TYPES = ['Passengers', 'Mail', 'Perishables', 'Electronics', 'Auto parts'] as const;
 
 // ponytail: balance-tunable unit weights (kg per passenger/pallet). Chosen so every cargo
@@ -157,6 +162,9 @@ export function rewardFor(km: number, weightKg: number): number {
 // v0.38.0 (ISS-072): reputation optionally scales the reward (×(1 + repRate)) at the same spot
 // as the special multiplier — a pure input, it consumes NO RNG draws and defaults to the
 // starting value so seed-time behavior is byte-identical.
+// v0.54.0 (ISS-119): the drawn deadline window is clamped UP by an expiry floor (travel time at
+// FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH + EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS) after special scaling, so every package is
+// finishable by the fastest catalog plane; short legs are byte-identical to before.
 export function generatePackage(input: {
   id: string;
   airports: SeedAirport[];
@@ -230,8 +238,15 @@ export function generatePackage(input: {
   // forced value (including explicit null) skips it, same pattern as the other overrides.
   const special = input.special !== undefined ? input.special : pickSpecial(rng);
   const mods = special !== null ? SPECIALS[special] : undefined;
-  // Forced deadlines skip the special scaling — consistent with overrides skipping draws.
+  // v0.54.0 (ISS-119): expiry floor — every package must be finishable by the fastest catalog plane:
-  const deadlineMs = input.deadlineOffsetMs ?? drawnWindowMs * (mods?.deadlineScale ?? 1);
+  // deadline ≥ now + travel time at FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH + EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS. The drawn window is a
+  // single uniform value, so clamping it up AFTER special scaling covers both requirements: short legs
+  // (drawn × scale already above the floor) are byte-identical to before, and when the raw draw falls
+  // below the floor the deadline lands exactly on it — which stays ≤ the scaled ceiling for any pair of
+  // airports on Earth (max leg ~20000 km → floor ≈ 22.8 h < the 36 h priority ceiling), so no separate
+  // ceiling raise is needed. Forced offsets skip the floor, same as they skip the special scaling.
+  const expiryFloorMs = travelDurationMs(km, FASTEST_CATALOG_SPEED_KMH) + EXPIRY_BUFFER_MS;
+  const deadlineMs = input.deadlineOffsetMs ?? Math.max(drawnWindowMs * (mods?.deadlineScale ?? 1), expiryFloorMs);
 
   // v0.38.0 (ISS-072): reputation bonus composed with the special multiplier, single round at the end.
   const repBonus = 1 + repRate(input.reputation ?? STARTING_REPUTATION, JOB_BONUS_PER_REP, MAX_JOB_BONUS);

lib/mapData.test.ts

@@ -8,8 +8,26 @@ const AIRPORTS = new Map<string, AirportCoord>([
   ['EDDV', { lat: 52.46, lon: 9.68 }],
   ['EHAM', { lat: 52.31, lon: 4.76 }],
   ['LEMD', { lat: 40.47, lon: -3.56 }], // Madrid — ~1400 km from EDDF for the long-route test
+  // ISS-120 (v0.53.0): real dataset pairs whose great circle crosses the antimeridian (±180).
+  ['NZAA', { lat: -37.01199, lon: 174.786331 }], // Auckland — east of +170
+  ['NFTF', { lat: -21.241438, lon: -175.149164 }], // Fua'amotu (Tonga) — west of −175; NZAA→NFTF crosses ±180 eastward
+  ['NZCH', { lat: -43.489029, lon: 172.532065 }], // Christchurch — for the queue-chain joint test
 ]);
 
+// ISS-120: longitude difference on the circle — two lons are "equal" when they differ by a multiple of 360.
+const modDiff = (a: number, b: number): number => {
+  const d = Math.abs(a - b) % 360;
+  return Math.min(d, 360 - d);
+};
+
+// ISS-120: every consecutive pair of samples must be < 180° apart in longitude — the property that
+// keeps MapLibre from drawing a chord across the map.
+function expectContinuousLons(coords: [number, number][]): void {
+  for (let i = 1; i < coords.length; i++) {
+    expect(Math.abs(coords[i]![0] - coords[i - 1]![0]), `jump between samples ${i - 1} and ${i}`).toBeLessThan(180);
+  }
+}
+
 function snapshot(overrides: Partial<StateSnapshot> = {}): StateSnapshot {
   return {
     account: { cash: 0, reputation: 0 },
@@ -320,3 +338,61 @@ describe('greatCircleArc (v0.12.2 — curved route traces)', () => {
     expect(haversineKm(mid[1], mid[0], chordMid[1], chordMid[0])).toBeLessThan(5); // stays close to the chord
   });
 });
+
+describe('greatCircleArc — antimeridian crossing (ISS-120 v0.53.0)', () => {
+  const from = AIRPORTS.get('NZAA')!; // Auckland, lon +174.8
+  const to = AIRPORTS.get('NFTF')!; // Fua'amotu, lon −175.1 — the short arc crosses ±180 EASTWARD
+
+  it('eastward crossing: continuous lons (|Δlon| < 180), endpoints exact mod 360, length ≈ haversine', () => {
+    const arc = greatCircleArc(from, to);
+    expect(arc.length).toBe(ROUTE_ARC_SEGMENTS + 1);
+    expectContinuousLons(arc); // no wrapped ±180 jump anywhere — the chord bug is gone
+    expect(arc[0]).toEqual([from.lon, from.lat]); // first sample = raw origin, exact
+    const last = arc[arc.length - 1]!;
+    expect(modDiff(last[0], to.lon)).toBeLessThan(1e-9); // last ≡ dest (mod 360) — here unwrapped to +184.8
+    expect(Math.abs(last[1] - to.lat)).toBeLessThan(1e-9);
+    expect(arc.some((c) => c[0] > 180)).toBe(true); // the crossing samples sit on the east world copy
+
+    const dist = haversineKm(from.lat, from.lon, to.lat, to.lon);
+    let sum = 0;
+    for (let i = 1; i < arc.length; i++) sum += haversineKm(arc[i - 1]![1], arc[i - 1]![0], arc[i]![1], arc[i]![0]);
+    expect(Math.abs(sum - dist) / dist).toBeLessThan(0.01); // sampled chord length ≈ true great-circle distance
+  });
+
+  it('westward crossing (reversed pair): continuous lons below −180, endpoints exact mod 360', () => {
+    const arc = greatCircleArc(to, from);
+    expectContinuousLons(arc);
+    expect(arc[0]).toEqual([to.lon, to.lat]); // raw origin, exact
+    const last = arc[arc.length - 1]!;
+    expect(modDiff(last[0], from.lon)).toBeLessThan(1e-9); // ≡ +174.8 (mod 360) — here unwrapped to −185.2
+    expect(Math.abs(last[1] - from.lat)).toBeLessThan(1e-9);
+    expect(arc.some((c) => c[0] < -180)).toBe(true); // the crossing samples sit on the west world copy
+  });
+
+  it('non-crossing routes are untouched: lons stay in [−180, 180]', () => {
+    const arc = greatCircleArc(AIRPORTS.get('EDDF')!, AIRPORTS.get('LEMD')!);
+    expectContinuousLons(arc);
+    for (const c of arc) expect(c[0]).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(-180);
+    for (const c of arc) expect(c[0]).toBeLessThanOrEqual(180);
+  });
+
+  it('queuedRoutesGeoJson: a chain crossing the antimeridian stays continuous across the joint', () => {
+    // Grounded at NZAA with queue [NFTF, NZCH]: leg 1 crosses ±180 eastward (ends unwrapped at +184.8),
+    // leg 2 restarts at the RAW −175.1 — without the global re-unwrap the joint would jump ~360°.
+    const fc = queuedRoutesGeoJson(
+      [
+        { id: 'p1', model: 'atr72', status: 'available', fuel: 1, maxFuel: 2, locationIcao: 'NZAA', locationName: 'A', destIcao: null, destName: null, departureSimTime: null, lat: -37.01, lon: 174.79, health: 100, repairUntilSimTime: null, queue: ['NFTF', 'NZCH'] },
+      ],
+      AIRPORTS,
+    );
+    expect(fc.features).toHaveLength(1);
+    const coords = fc.features[0]!.geometry.coordinates;
+    expect(coords.length).toBe(2 * ROUTE_ARC_SEGMENTS + 1); // two arcs, joint dropped once
+    expectContinuousLons(coords); // the whole chain — including across the NFTF joint
+    expect(coords[0]).toEqual([from.lon, from.lat]); // starts at the plane's airport, raw
+    const last = coords[coords.length - 1]!;
+    const nzch = AIRPORTS.get('NZCH')!;
+    expect(modDiff(last[0], nzch.lon)).toBeLessThan(1e-9); // ends ≡ NZCH (mod 360)
+    expect(Math.abs(last[1] - nzch.lat)).toBeLessThan(1e-9);
+  });
+});

lib/mapData.ts

@@ -74,16 +74,34 @@ export interface AirportCoord {
 // curved path the plane actually flies (same slerp as lib/sim/movement.ts).
 export const ROUTE_ARC_SEGMENTS = 24;
 
+// ISS-120 (v0.53.0): positionAt wraps each sample's longitude into [−180, 180], so an arc that
+// crosses the antimeridian jumps +179.x → −179.x between consecutive samples — and MapLibre draws
+// LineStrings as-is (no ±180 splitting), rendering a chord across the whole map. Unwrap the sample
+// sequence into continuous longitudes: keep the first sample's raw lon, then shift each subsequent
+// one by ±360 relative to the previous UNWRAPPED value until |Δlon| ≤ 180. One line stays one line;
+// out-of-range values render on MapLibre's adjacent world copies (renderWorldCopies is default-on).
+function unwrapLons(coords: [number, number][]): [number, number][] {
+  let prev = coords[0]![0];
+  for (let i = 1; i < coords.length; i++) {
+    let lon = coords[i]![0];
+    while (lon - prev > 180) lon -= 360;
+    while (prev - lon > 180) lon += 360;
+    coords[i]![0] = lon;
+    prev = lon;
+  }
+  return coords;
+}
+
 // Great-circle arc between two airports as [lon, lat] coordinates: positionAt at
-// t = i/SEGMENTS for i in 0..SEGMENTS. Pure — endpoints are exactly the airport
+// t = i/SEGMENTS for i in 0..SEGMENTS. Pure — the first sample is exactly `from` and the last is
-// coords (positionAt returns them verbatim at t=0 and t=1).
+// ≡ `to` (mod 360) (positionAt returns them verbatim at t=0 and t=1, unwrapped relative to from).
 export function greatCircleArc(from: AirportCoord, to: AirportCoord): [number, number][] {
   const coords: [number, number][] = [];
   for (let i = 0; i <= ROUTE_ARC_SEGMENTS; i++) {
     const pos = positionAt(from.lat, from.lon, to.lat, to.lon, i / ROUTE_ARC_SEGMENTS);
     coords.push([pos.lon, pos.lat]);
   }
-  return coords;
+  return unwrapLons(coords);
 }
 
 // ISS-022/025/027 (v0.22.0): the hover route trace — one great-circle LineString between two
@@ -195,6 +213,9 @@ export function queuedRoutesGeoJson(
       const arc = greatCircleArc(pts[i]!, pts[i + 1]!);
       coords.push(...(i === 0 ? arc : arc.slice(1))); // drop the duplicated joint point
     }
+    // ISS-120: each leg's arc is unwrapped relative to its OWN start airport, so at a joint the
+    // sequence can jump ±360 (leg 1 ends at dest+360k, leg 2 restarts at the raw dest) — re-unify.
+    unwrapLons(coords);
     features.push({
       type: 'Feature',
       geometry: { type: 'LineString', coordinates: coords },

lib/openapi.test.ts

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 import { openApiSpec } from './openapi';
 
 describe('OpenAPI spec', () => {
-  it('documents exactly the twelve public endpoints (3 read + 9 player actions)', () => {
+  it('documents exactly the thirteen public endpoints (4 read + 9 player actions)', () => {
     expect(Object.keys(openApiSpec.paths).sort()).toEqual([
       '/api/airports',
+      '/api/events', // v0.57.0 (ISS-129) — SSE state stream
       '/api/market/buy-plane',
       '/api/market/sell-plane',
       '/api/packages/{id}/abandon',

lib/openapi.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,22 @@ export const openApiSpec = {
         },
       },
     },
+    '/api/events': {
+      get: {
+        summary: 'Live state stream (SSE)',
+        description:
+          'Server-Sent Events feed of full game-state snapshots (v0.57.0, ISS-129) — the current snapshot is sent immediately on connect and a fresh one after every sim tick (~1 s), so clients can subscribe instead of polling /api/state. Each event\'s data payload is JSON with exactly the StateSnapshot shape; comment lines starting with ":" are heartbeats.',
+        operationId: 'subscribeToEvents',
+        responses: {
+          200: {
+            description: 'SSE stream of state snapshots (text/event-stream)',
+            content: {
+              'text/event-stream': { schema: { type: 'string' } },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
     '/api/version': {
       get: {
         summary: 'App version',

lib/sim/engine.test.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   deliverPackages,
   expirePackages,
   finishRepairs,
+  IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE,
   MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS,
   reputationGainFor,
   shouldAdvanceTime,
@@ -30,8 +31,9 @@ import {
 // public tickNow()/setTestTimeScale() wrappers (singleton + lock) are covered by the e2e suite
 // (every spec's setScale helper hits /api/test/set-timescale; sim.spec.ts pins its validation).
 
-// ISS-117: fresh DBs seed a GROUNDED starter, so any test that needs an advancing world must put
+// ISS-117 / ISS-128: fresh DBs seed a GROUNDED starter, so any test that needs FULL-scale advance
-// a plane in flight first — departureSimTime at the game-clock origin keeps its arrival hours away.
+// must put a plane in flight first (a grounded fleet only advances at the idle real-time rate) —
+// departureSimTime at the game-clock origin keeps its arrival hours away.
 async function makeWorldActive(inst: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof openGameDb>>) {
   await inst.db.update(schema.planes)
     .set({ status: 'flying', destIcao: 'LEMD', departureSimTime: STARTING_CLOCK_MS })
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ async function freshDb(name: string) {
 describe('tickOnce — clock advance', () => {
   it('advances the clock by elapsed real ms × timeScale', async () => {
     const inst = await freshDb('scale.db');
-    await makeWorldActive(inst); // a grounded fleet would freeze the world (ISS-117)
+    await makeWorldActive(inst); // a grounded fleet would slow the world to the idle real-time rate (ISS-128)
     vi.setSystemTime(T0 + 1_000); // one real second later
     await inst.db.update(schema.simState).set({ timeScale: 5 });
 
@@ -70,12 +72,12 @@ describe('tickOnce — clock advance', () => {
     expect(sim.lastRealTickMs).toBe(T0 + 1_000);
   });
 
-  it('freezes the clock while the fleet is fully grounded but keeps tracking real time', async () => {
+  it('a fully grounded fleet advances at the idle real-time rate, not frozen (ISS-128)', async () => {
-    const inst = await freshDb('idle.db'); // seeded starter is on the ground → idle (ISS-117)
+    const inst = await freshDb('idle.db'); // seeded starter is on the ground → idle
 
     vi.setSystemTime(T0 + 3_600_000); // an hour of real idleness
     let sim = await tickOnce(inst);
-    expect(sim.clockMs).toBe(STARTING_CLOCK_MS); // frozen — no advance at all
+    expect(sim.clockMs).toBe(STARTING_CLOCK_MS + MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS * IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE); // clamped to one idle-rate tick — no fast-forward, no freeze
     expect(sim.lastRealTickMs).toBe(T0 + 3_600_000);
 
     // A plane takes off: resumes from where it stopped, with NO catch-up for the idle time.
@@ -83,7 +85,17 @@ describe('tickOnce — clock advance', () => {
     await makeWorldActive(inst);
     vi.setSystemTime(T0 + 3_600_500);
     sim = await tickOnce(inst);
-    expect(sim.clockMs).toBe(STARTING_CLOCK_MS + 500 * 60); // only the 500 ms since activity × 60
+    expect(sim.clockMs).toBe(STARTING_CLOCK_MS + MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS * IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE + 500 * 60); // only the 500 ms since activity × 60
+  });
+
+  it('a grounded fleet ignores any raised timeScale — the idle rate wins (ISS-128)', async () => {
+    const inst = await freshDb('idle-scale.db');
+    await inst.db.update(schema.simState).set({ timeScale: 1_000 }); // FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS-style override
+
+    vi.setSystemTime(T0 + 1_000);
+    const sim = await tickOnce(inst);
+
+    expect(sim.clockMs).toBe(STARTING_CLOCK_MS + 1_000 * IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE); // real time, NOT ×1000
   });
 
   it('clamps long absences: a 1-hour gap advances at most MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS × scale', async () => {
@@ -574,7 +586,12 @@ describe('finishRepairs (v0.39.0, ISS-069)', () => {
   });
 });
 
-describe('idle-pause — the world freezes when nothing is happening (ISS-117)', () => {
+describe('idle slowdown — a grounded fleet slows the world to real time (ISS-128)', () => {
+  it('pins IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE = WORLD_TIME_SCALE / 24, i.e. exactly real time', () => {
+    expect(IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE).toBe(WORLD_TIME_SCALE / 24);
+    expect(IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE).toBe(1); // one game-second per real second
+  });
+
   it('shouldAdvanceTime: grounded/empty fleets are idle; any flying or repairing plane advances', () => {
     expect(shouldAdvanceTime([])).toEqual({ advance: false, flying: 0, repairing: 0 });
     expect(shouldAdvanceTime([{ status: 'available' }, { status: 'available' }])).toEqual({ advance: false, flying: 0, repairing: 0 });
@@ -583,14 +600,14 @@ describe('idle-pause — the world freezes when nothing is happening (ISS-117)',
     expect(shouldAdvanceTime([{ status: 'flying' }, { status: 'repairing' }])).toEqual({ advance: true, flying: 1, repairing: 1 });
   });
 
-  it('a fully grounded fleet freezes the clock but keeps tracking real time', async () => {
+  it('a fully grounded fleet advances at the idle rate but keeps tracking real time', async () => {
     const inst = await freshDb('idle-pause.db'); // seeded starter is on the ground → idle
     vi.setSystemTime(T0 + 3_600_000);
 
     const sim = await tickOnce(inst);
 
-    expect(sim.clockMs).toBe(STARTING_CLOCK_MS); // frozen — no advance at all
+    expect(sim.clockMs).toBe(STARTING_CLOCK_MS + MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS * IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE); // real-time rate, clamped — not frozen
-    expect(sim.lastRealTickMs).toBe(T0 + 3_600_000); // …but the real-time anchor moved on
+    expect(sim.lastRealTickMs).toBe(T0 + 3_600_000); // …and the real-time anchor moved on
   });
 
   it('a repairing plane keeps the world advancing', async () => {

lib/sim/engine.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import { haversineKm, initialBearingDeg } from '@/lib/geo';
 import { weatherFor } from '@/lib/weather';
 import { FUEL_DISCOUNT_PER_REP, FUEL_PRICE_PER_L, MAX_FUEL_DISCOUNT, PLANE_TYPES, REPAIR_DURATION_MS, repRate, WEAR_PER_KM } from '@/lib/game/catalog';
 import { SPECIALS } from '@/lib/game/specials';
-import { parseIcaoQueue } from '@/lib/game/state';
+import { getStateSnapshot, parseIcaoQueue } from '@/lib/game/state';
+import { broadcast } from '@/lib/sse';
+import { IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from '@/lib/worldClock';
 import {
   generatePackage,
   MARKET_TARGET_OPEN_PACKAGES,
@@ -22,7 +24,8 @@ import { arrivalTimeFor, fuelAtWeighted, requiredFuelFor, windBurnFactor } from
 // tick (~1 s, started at boot from instrumentation.ts) AND on every read/action — both through the
 // same locked tickOnce path. Each tick advances by (real ms since last tick) × timeScale, clamped
 // per tick so long absences never fast-forward the game; while no plane is flying or in repair the
-// clock stays frozen (idle-pause) but lastRealTickMs keeps tracking real time.
+// world slows to real time instead of freezing (IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE, ISS-128 v0.56.0), and
+// lastRealTickMs always keeps tracking real time.
 
 // Clamp constant: max real-time gap counted by a single tick. Chosen at 2000 ms — comfortably above
 // both the client poll interval (~1 s) and the background-tick interval, so active play advances
@@ -30,8 +33,9 @@ import { arrivalTimeFor, fuelAtWeighted, requiredFuelFor, windBurnFactor } from
 // 2 s × scale.
 export const MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS = 2_000;
 
-// ISS-117: the fixed world rate — re-exported here so server code and tests have one familiar home.
+// ISS-117 / ISS-128: the fixed world rates — re-exported here so server code and tests have one
-export { WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from '@/lib/worldClock';
+// familiar home (full rate while something is active, real-time rate while fully grounded).
+export { IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE, WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from '@/lib/worldClock';
 
 // Reputation gain per delivered package: BASE + PER_KM × great-circle km, rounded
 // to 2 decimals (reputation is REAL). A short hop (~300 km) earns ~1.15 rep, a
@@ -43,13 +47,15 @@ export function reputationGainFor(km: number): number {
   return Math.round((REP_BASE + REP_PER_KM * km) * 100) / 100;
 }
 
-// Serialize ticks across concurrent requests (Next.js route handlers run in the
+// Serialize ticks across concurrent requests (Next.js route handlers run in the same process): each
-// same process): each tick re-reads sim_state after the previous one wrote it, so
+// tick re-reads sim_state after the previous one wrote it, so no advance is ever applied twice.
-// no advance is ever applied twice.
+// ISS-129 (v0.57.0): the chain lives on globalThis — instrumentation.ts and route handlers get
-let chain: Promise<unknown> = Promise.resolve();
+// separate module instances from Next.js, so a plain `let` would give each layer its own lock and let
+// their ticks interleave against the shared DB below.
+const g = globalThis as unknown as { __flightTickChain?: Promise<unknown> };
 function withLock<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
-  const run = chain.then(fn);
+  const run = (g.__flightTickChain ??= Promise.resolve()).then(fn);
-  chain = run.then(
+  g.__flightTickChain = run.then(
     () => undefined,
     () => undefined,
   );
@@ -58,9 +64,10 @@ function withLock<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
 
 // --- Tick core (takes a GameDb so unit tests can inject their own instance) ---
 
-// ISS-117: idle-pause decision — pure, so unit tests feed it synthetic fleets. The world clock
+// ISS-117 / ISS-128: idle decision — pure, so unit tests feed it synthetic fleets. The world clock
-// advances only while something is happening: at least one plane flying OR in repair. A fully
+// runs at full scale only while something is happening (at least one plane flying OR in repair); a
-// grounded fleet freezes the clock (and with it expiries/spawns) until a dispatch or repair starts.
+// fully grounded fleet slows it to IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE (real time) instead of freezing it, so
+// expiries/spawns keep running until a dispatch or repair starts.
 export function shouldAdvanceTime(planes: Array<{ status: string }>): { advance: boolean; flying: number; repairing: number } {
   let flying = 0;
   let repairing = 0;
@@ -77,12 +84,15 @@ export async function tickOnce(inst: GameDb): Promise<schema.SimStateRow> {
   if (!sim) throw new Error('sim_state row missing');
 
   const nowMs = Date.now();
-  // ISS-117: frozen while nothing is happening (see shouldAdvanceTime). lastRealTickMs still
+  // ISS-128: a fully grounded fleet slows the world to real time (IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE) instead of
-  // tracks real time, so a takeoff resumes cleanly with no catch-up jump for the idle duration.
+  // freezing it — packages keep spawning/expiring while idle. An active fleet keeps its full scale,
+  // including any FLIGHT_TEST_HOOKS override in sim.timeScale. lastRealTickMs always tracks real
+  // time, so resuming activity never fast-forwards the idle duration.
   const planeRows = await inst.db.select().from(schema.planes);
   const { advance } = shouldAdvanceTime(planeRows.map((p) => ({ status: p.status })));
   const elapsed = Math.max(0, nowMs - sim.lastRealTickMs);
-  const advanceMs = advance ? Math.min(elapsed, MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS) * sim.timeScale : 0;
+  const scale = advance ? sim.timeScale : IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE;
+  const advanceMs = Math.min(elapsed, MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS) * scale;
   const clockMs = Math.round(sim.clockMs + advanceMs);
 
   if (advanceMs > 0) {
@@ -409,8 +419,24 @@ export async function spawnCoveragePackages(
 
 // --- Public API (singleton DB + lock) — call from every read/action endpoint ---
 
+// ISS-129 (v0.57.0): after each tick on the singleton path, push a fresh snapshot to all SSE
+// subscribers (/api/events) — the exact same body GET /api/state returns (getStateSnapshot), so
+// pushed and polled states can never diverge in shape. Failures are logged, not fatal: polling
+// still works either way. Background ticks (~1 s) cover action mutations for other clients too.
+async function broadcastState(): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    broadcast(JSON.stringify(await getStateSnapshot()));
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('flight: state broadcast failed', err);
+  }
+}
+
 export function tickNow(): Promise<schema.SimStateRow> {
-  return withLock(async () => tickOnce(await getGameDb()));
+  return withLock(async () => {
+    const row = await tickOnce(await getGameDb());
+    await broadcastState();
+    return row;
+  });
 }
 
 // ISS-117: the world clock runs even with nobody polling — a ~1 s interval drives the same locked

lib/sse.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { broadcast, subscribe } from './sse';
+
+// ISS-129 (v0.57.0): the fan-out registry behind /api/events — plain Set semantics, so no DB or
+// server needed. Subscribers leak across tests in this file (module-level state), which is fine:
+// each test only asserts on its own arrays.
+
+describe('lib/sse', () => {
+  it('delivers broadcasts to subscribers and stops after unsubscribe', () => {
+    const a: string[] = [];
+    const b: string[] = [];
+    const unsubA = subscribe((t) => a.push(t));
+    const unsubB = subscribe((t) => b.push(t));
+
+    broadcast('x');
+    expect(a).toEqual(['x']);
+    expect(b).toEqual(['x']);
+
+    unsubA();
+    broadcast('y');
+    expect(a).toEqual(['x']); // unsubscribed — no more events
+    expect(b).toEqual(['x', 'y']);
+    unsubB();
+  });
+
+  it('a throwing subscriber does not break the others', () => {
+    const got: string[] = [];
+    subscribe(() => {
+      throw new Error('boom');
+    });
+    const unsub = subscribe((t) => got.push(t));
+    broadcast('z');
+    expect(got).toEqual(['z']);
+    unsub();
+  });
+
+  it('unsubscribe is idempotent', () => {
+    const got: string[] = [];
+    const unsub = subscribe((t) => got.push(t));
+    unsub();
+    unsub(); // second call must not throw
+    broadcast('w');
+    expect(got).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});

lib/sse.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// ISS-129 (v0.57.0): in-process fan-out registry for the SSE state stream (/api/events). The app
+// runs as one long-lived server process (`next start`; instrumentation.ts already keeps background
+// sim state alive) — no new dependencies, no WS upgrade needed. The Set lives on globalThis because
+// Next.js gives instrumentation.ts (where broadcast() fires from the background tick) and route
+// handlers (where subscribe() happens in /api/events) separate module instances; a plain `let` would
+// give each its own empty set and no push would ever be delivered.
+
+type Push = (text: string) => void;
+
+const g = globalThis as unknown as { __flightSseSubscribers?: Set<Push> };
+const subscribers: Set<Push> = (g.__flightSseSubscribers ??= new Set());
+
+export function subscribe(fn: Push): () => void {
+  subscribers.add(fn);
+  return () => {
+    subscribers.delete(fn);
+  };
+}
+
+// Call each subscriber safely — one dead stream must not take the others down.
+export function broadcast(text: string): void {
+  for (const fn of [...subscribers]) {
+    try {
+      fn(text);
+    } catch {
+      // subscriber's stream is gone; its own cleanup unsubscribes it
+    }
+  }
+}

lib/useGameState.ts

@@ -35,8 +35,14 @@ export async function fetchState(): Promise<StateSnapshot> {
   return snapshot;
 }
 
-// The shell's single polling source (v0.9.0): one GET /api/state loop for the whole page,
+// The shell's single state source (v0.9.0): one snapshot feed for the whole page, so every pane
-// so every pane renders from the same snapshot instead of running its own poll loops.
+// renders from the same snapshot instead of running its own poll loops. ISS-129 (v0.57.0): primary
+// transport is SSE — /api/events pushes a full snapshot after every sim tick; polling stays as an
+// automatic fallback (no event within 5 s of connect, or on stream error) and stops again when fresh
+// events flow. EventSource reconnects natively, so there is no custom reconnect logic here.
+const SSE_URL = '/api/events';
+const SSE_SILENCE_MS = 5_000;
+
 export function useGameState(intervalMs = 1000): GameStateResult {
   const [state, setState] = useState<StateSnapshot | null>(null);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
@@ -70,10 +76,53 @@ export function useGameState(intervalMs = 1000): GameStateResult {
   }, []);
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    refresh(); // fetch immediately on mount, don't wait for the first interval tick
+    let pollId: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
-    const id = setInterval(refresh, intervalMs);
+    let silenceTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
-    return () => clearInterval(id);
+    let closed = false;
-  }, [intervalMs, refresh]);
+
+    const stopPolling = () => {
+      if (pollId !== null) clearInterval(pollId);
+      pollId = null;
+    };
+    // Fallback loop: immediate catch-up fetch, then the old interval.
+    const startPolling = () => {
+      if (closed || pollId !== null) return;
+      refresh();
+      pollId = setInterval(refresh, intervalMs);
+    };
+
+    let source: EventSource | null = null;
+    try {
+      source = new EventSource(SSE_URL);
+    } catch {
+      source = null; // no EventSource support — pure polling below
+    }
+
+    if (source !== null) {
+      source.onmessage = (event) => {
+        try {
+          applySnapshot(JSON.parse(event.data));
+        } catch {
+          // malformed event — the next one overwrites it anyway
+        }
+        stopPolling(); // fresh push flow → polling no longer needed
+        if (silenceTimer !== null) clearTimeout(silenceTimer); // connect check served its purpose
+      };
+      source.onerror = () => startPolling(); // stream trouble → poll until pushes resume
+      silenceTimer = setTimeout(startPolling, SSE_SILENCE_MS); // connected but silent for 5 s → poll
+    } else {
+      startPolling();
+    }
+
+    refresh(); // mount: same immediate fetch as before (fast first paint + __flightLastSnapshot)
+
+    return () => {
+      closed = true;
+      source?.close();
+      stopPolling();
+      if (silenceTimer !== null) clearTimeout(silenceTimer);
+    };
+  }, [intervalMs, refresh, applySnapshot]);
 
   return { state, loading, error, refresh, applySnapshot };
 }

lib/useSimClock.test.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
 import { advanceSimClock, type SimClockAnchor } from './useSimClock';
-import { WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from './worldClock';
+import { IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE, WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from './worldClock';
 
 // ISS-007 (v0.16.1) — the pure extrapolation core of lib/useSimClock.ts. The hook itself is a
 // thin setInterval + re-sync wrapper covered by e2e (panes.spec.ts "ticks smoothly between polls");
-// this suite pins the math: game time advances real-time × WORLD_TIME_SCALE, frozen while idle.
+// this suite pins the math: game time advances real-time × WORLD_TIME_SCALE, and slows to
+// real-time × IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE while idle (ISS-128).
 
 const anchor = (over: Partial<SimClockAnchor> = {}): SimClockAnchor => ({
   clockMs: 1_750_000_000_000,
@@ -24,10 +25,10 @@ describe('advanceSimClock', () => {
     expect(advanceSimClock(anchor(), 1_000_000)).toBe(1_750_000_000_000);
   });
 
-  it('is frozen while idle regardless of elapsed time', () => {
+  it('advances at the idle real-time rate (IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE) while grounded, not frozen (ISS-128)', () => {
     const a = anchor({ advancing: false });
-    expect(advanceSimClock(a, 1_000_000)).toBe(1_750_000_000_000);
+    expect(advanceSimClock(a, 1_000_000)).toBe(1_750_000_000_000); // zero elapsed — still the anchor value
-    expect(advanceSimClock(a, 2_000_000)).toBe(1_750_000_000_000); // a full second later — still frozen
+    expect(advanceSimClock(a, 1_001_000)).toBe(1_750_000_000_000 + 1_000 * IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE); // a full second later — real time, not frozen
   });
 
   it('clamps to the anchor value when nowMs is before the anchor (clock skew), never backwards', () => {

lib/useSimClock.ts

@@ -2,15 +2,16 @@
 
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import type { StateSnapshot } from './game/state';
-import { WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from './worldClock';
+import { IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE, WORLD_TIME_SCALE } from './worldClock';
 
 // ISS-007 (v0.16.1): the sim clock ticks smoothly on the CLIENT between polls instead of
 // jumping once per snapshot. The server's authoritative rate is exactly real-time × scale
 // (tickOnce in lib/sim/engine.ts: advance = min(elapsed, MAX_TICK_ELAPSED_MS) × timeScale), so
 // client-side extrapolation mirrors the server's own model. Every new snapshot re-anchors to
 // server truth, bounding any drift by network latency only. ISS-117 (v0.52.0): the scale is the
-// fixed WORLD_TIME_SCALE and the clock freezes while nothing is happening — mirroring the
+// fixed WORLD_TIME_SCALE; ISS-128 (v0.56.0): while nothing is happening it slows to
-// server's idle-pause instead of a player-controlled pause.
+// IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE (real time) instead of freezing — mirroring the server's idle slowdown,
+// so polls re-anchor without a visible jump.
 
 export interface SimClockAnchor {
   // Server truth at anchor time — the snapshot's simState.clockMs.
@@ -22,11 +23,11 @@ export interface SimClockAnchor {
 }
 
 // Pure core of the extrapolation — mirrors tickOnce: while advancing, game time advances by
-// real-time × WORLD_TIME_SCALE; while idle it is frozen (advance 0). nowMs before `at` clamps to
+// real-time × WORLD_TIME_SCALE; while idle it slows to real-time × IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE (ISS-128).
-// the anchor value instead of going backwards. Unit-testable in node.
+// nowMs before `at` clamps to the anchor value instead of going backwards. Unit-testable in node.
 export function advanceSimClock(anchor: SimClockAnchor, nowMs: number): number {
-  if (!anchor.advancing) return anchor.clockMs;
+  const scale = anchor.advancing ? WORLD_TIME_SCALE : IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE;
-  return anchor.clockMs + Math.max(0, nowMs - anchor.at) * WORLD_TIME_SCALE;
+  return anchor.clockMs + Math.max(0, nowMs - anchor.at) * scale;
 }
 
 // ~10 fps display refresh — smooth for a seconds-precision wall clock without busy re-renders.
@@ -41,8 +42,8 @@ export function useSimClock(snapshot: StateSnapshot | null): number | null {
   // (useGameState), so this runs once per poll cycle as well.
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!snapshot) return;
-    // Mirror of the server's shouldAdvanceTime (lib/sim/engine.ts): frozen while no plane is
+    // Mirror of the server's shouldAdvanceTime (lib/sim/engine.ts): full rate only while a plane
-    // flying or in repair. One line on purpose — keep it in sync with that function.
+    // is flying or in repair, idle real-time otherwise. One line on purpose — keep it in sync.
     const advancing = snapshot.planes.some((p) => p.status === 'flying' || p.status === 'repairing');
     anchorRef.current = { clockMs: snapshot.simState.clockMs, at: Date.now(), advancing };
     setDisplayMs(advanceSimClock(anchorRef.current, Date.now()));

lib/worldClock.ts

@@ -2,3 +2,8 @@
 // Server-side the effective scale lives in the sim_state row (seeded to this value); client-side
 // lib/useSimClock.ts extrapolates between polls at this same constant, so keep them in sync here.
 export const WORLD_TIME_SCALE = 24;
+
+// ISS-128 (v0.56.0): a fully grounded fleet no longer freezes the world — it slows to real time
+// (one game-second per real second) so packages keep spawning/expiring and the market stays fresh.
+// Derived from the existing constant: WORLD_TIME_SCALE / 24 = 1, i.e. exactly "real-time".
+export const IDLE_WORLD_TIME_SCALE = WORLD_TIME_SCALE / 24;

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "flight-ops",
-  "version": "0.52.0",
+  "version": "0.57.0",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "next dev -p 3000",