// The MIGRATION & REFUGEES ability (v0.42.0, #64) as a modular LLM-ability
// (v0.40.0, #67). People moving between nations each turn: ordinary migration,
// refugee flows (fleeing a war or disaster), a spreading diaspora, and an
// exodus (people leaving with no destination). Unlike most other abilities this
// one is **turn-transient**: it owns NO `GameState` field (no durable list, no
// `db.ts` change) — exactly like the hybrid and disasters layers. Each op
// carries a `kind`, a source `from` (the nation people leave), a destination
// `to` (required for every kind except `exodus`), and a `scale` (small /
// moderate / large). The engine applies a DETERMINISTIC effect chosen from the
// per-`scale` tables below (no hidden randomness — the LLM chooses the kind and
// scale, the tables decide the magnitude): the source LOSES a small amount of
// population and economy, the destination GAINS a small amount of population and
// economy (a `large` influx additionally strains the destination's stability),
// both clamped to 0–100, mirrored to each side's regions (`regionStats`), and
// each side's derived `stats` re-derived afterwards (the same 0-region /
// no-entry guards as hybrid / economy / disasters, so a 0-region nation keeps
// its directly-mutated value and the effect persists to the next turn). The
// from↔to relation then moves one step toward the positive end of the
// ally/neutral/rival/hostile ladder (`shiftRelationTowardPositive`) — capped at
// `ally` for `refugees` (hosting refugees builds the strongest goodwill),
// `neutral` for `migration` / `diaspora` (milder ties), and not at all for
// `exodus`; a `war` relation is never touched (the nudge neither fabricates nor
// escalates a war). Both `from` and `to` are resolved by the shared
// `resolveNationRef` (id first, then a case-insensitive unique name); an
// unknown / ambiguous ref, a missing `to` (for a non-`exodus` kind), or a
// self-flow (`from` and `to` the same nation) drops the whole op. It never
// moves territory (sole ownership is untouched).

import { clampStat, deriveNationStats } from '../../shared/protocol';
import type { MigrationOp, MigrationScale, MigrationKind } from '../../shared/protocol';
import type { GameState, Nation, RelationStatus, StatKey } from '../../shared/types';
import { resolveNationRef, str } from './shared';
import type { Ability } from './types';

/** The four kinds of population flow a turn can declare (v0.42.0, #64). */
export const MIGRATION_KINDS: readonly MigrationKind[] = [
  'migration',
  'refugees',
  'diaspora',
  'exodus',
];

/** The three flow sizes a migration op can carry (v0.42.0, #64). */
export const MIGRATION_SCALES: readonly MigrationScale[] = ['small', 'moderate', 'large'];

const VALID_KINDS = new Set<string>(MIGRATION_KINDS);
const VALID_SCALES = new Set<string>(MIGRATION_SCALES);

/** True when `k` is one of the four known migration kinds (v0.42.0, #64). */
export function isMigrationKind(k: unknown): k is MigrationKind {
  return typeof k === 'string' && VALID_KINDS.has(k);
}

/** True when `s` is one of the three known migration scales (v0.42.0, #64). */
export function isMigrationScale(s: unknown): s is MigrationScale {
  return typeof s === 'string' && VALID_SCALES.has(s);
}

/**
 * (v0.42.0, #64) The DETERMINISTIC per-`scale` stat dip applied to the SOURCE
 * nation of a migration flow (the nation people leave). Each scale maps to a
 * small set of signed (negative) stat deltas: the source loses population and
 * economy. No hidden randomness — the LLM picks the scale, the table decides
 * the magnitude. Military and stability are untouched by the source dip.
 */
export const MIGRATION_SOURCE_EFFECTS: Record<MigrationScale, Partial<Record<StatKey, number>>> = {
  small: { population: -1, economy: -1 },
  moderate: { population: -2, economy: -2 },
  large: { population: -4, economy: -3 },
};

/**
 * (v0.42.0, #64) The DETERMINISTIC per-`scale` stat gain applied to the
 * DESTINATION nation of a migration flow (the nation people arrive in). Each
 * scale maps to a small set of signed (positive) stat deltas: the destination
 * gains population and economy. No hidden randomness. Military and stability
 * are untouched by the base gain (the `large`-scale stability strain is applied
 * separately, see {@link LARGE_INFLUX_STABILITY_DIP}).
 */
export const MIGRATION_DESTINATION_EFFECTS: Record<MigrationScale, Partial<Record<StatKey, number>>> =
  {
    small: { population: 1, economy: 1 },
    moderate: { population: 2, economy: 2 },
    large: { population: 3, economy: 3 },
  };

/**
 * (v0.42.0, #64) The extra STABILITY dip applied to the destination of a
 * `large`-scale influx only — a big population surge strains a society even as
 * it grows. Added on top of the base destination gain.
 */
export const LARGE_INFLUX_STABILITY_DIP = -2;

/**
 * The positive-relations ladder, strongest (most positive) to weakest
 * (least positive) — the same four non-war statuses, in the order a relation
 * moves when it is nudged TOWARD the positive end. A missing relation is
 * treated as `neutral`; `war` is never touched (a war is its own entity — a
 * population flow neither fabricates nor escalates one). The `cap` in
 * {@link shiftRelationTowardPositive} is a member of this array.
 */
const POSITIVE_ORDER: RelationStatus[] = ['ally', 'neutral', 'rival', 'hostile'];

/**
 * (v0.42.0, #64) Nudge the bilateral relation between nations `a` and `b`
 * ONE step toward the POSITIVE end (toward `ally`) of the
 * {@link POSITIVE_ORDER} ladder, applied symmetrically to both directions, but
 * never past the given `cap`. A missing relation starts at `neutral`; a `war`
 * relation is never touched (a population flow neither fabricates nor
 * escalates a war — a warring pair is left exactly as it is). Mutates `state`
 * in place (the caller passes a clone — applyTurnResult does). Never throws.
 *
 * `cap` is the most-positive status the nudge may reach:
 *   - `refugees`   → `ally`     (hosting refugees builds the strongest goodwill)
 *   - `migration` / `diaspora` → `neutral`  (milder ties)
 *   - `exodus`     → no nudge at all
 */
export function shiftRelationTowardPositive(
  state: GameState,
  a: string,
  b: string,
  cap: RelationStatus,
): void {
  const na = state.nations[a];
  const nb = state.nations[b];
  if (!na || !nb) return;
  const capIdx = POSITIVE_ORDER.indexOf(cap);
  if (capIdx === -1) return; // unknown cap: no-op (defensive)
  const step = (cur: RelationStatus | undefined): RelationStatus | null => {
    if (cur === 'war') return null; // never touch a war relation
    const s = cur ?? 'neutral'; // a missing relation is neutral
    const i = POSITIVE_ORDER.indexOf(s);
    if (i === -1) return 'neutral'; // defensive: unknown status
    if (i <= capIdx) return s; // already at or more positive than the cap: no change
    return POSITIVE_ORDER[i - 1]; // one step toward the positive end
  };
  const stepA = step(na.relations[b]);
  if (stepA !== null) na.relations[b] = stepA;
  const stepB = step(nb.relations[a]);
  if (stepB !== null) nb.relations[a] = stepB;
}

/**
 * (v0.42.0, #64) Validate the raw `migration` field of a turn into a safe
 * list of {@link MigrationOp}s. Defensive like the rest of the parser — never
 * throws. The raw value may be the object `{ ops: [...] }` (the TurnResult
 * shape) or a bare array (be lenient about either). Each op needs a known
 * `kind` (one of {@link MIGRATION_KINDS}), a known `scale` (one of
 * {@link MIGRATION_SCALES}), a non-empty `from` (the source nation, capped at
 * 200 chars), and — for every kind except `exodus` — a non-empty `to`
 * (the destination nation, capped at 200 chars); a non-empty `detail` is capped
 * at 300 chars. An op with an unknown / missing `kind`, an unknown / missing
 * `scale`, an empty `from`, or (for a non-`exodus` kind) an empty `to` is
 * dropped. Resolution of `from` / `to` to concrete nation ids happens at apply
 * time (`applyMigrationOp`), not here. A missing / malformed top-level value
 * yields `{ ops: [] }`.
 */
export function validateMigrationOps(raw: unknown): MigrationOp[] {
  let list: unknown[] | null = null;
  if (Array.isArray(raw)) {
    list = raw;
  } else if (raw && typeof raw === 'object') {
    const inner = (raw as Record<string, unknown>).ops;
    if (Array.isArray(inner)) list = inner;
  }
  if (!list) return [];
  const out: MigrationOp[] = [];
  for (const e of list) {
    if (!e || typeof e !== 'object') continue;
    const o = e as Record<string, unknown>;
    if (!isMigrationKind(o.kind)) continue; // unknown / missing kind: drop
    if (!isMigrationScale(o.scale)) continue; // unknown / missing scale: drop
    const from = str(o.from, 200);
    if (!from) continue; // empty / missing source: drop
    const detail = str(o.detail, 300);
    if (o.kind === 'exodus') {
      // an exodus has no destination — `to` is optional (and ignored)
      out.push({
        kind: o.kind,
        from,
        scale: o.scale,
        ...(detail ? { detail } : {}),
      });
    } else {
      const to = str(o.to, 200);
      if (!to) continue; // non-exodus kind needs a destination: drop
      out.push({
        kind: o.kind,
        from,
        to,
        scale: o.scale,
        ...(detail ? { detail } : {}),
      });
    }
  }
  return out;
}

/**
 * Apply a set of signed stat `dips` to a nation's `stats` AND to every region
 * it owns that has a `regionStats` entry (clamped to 0–100), then re-derive
 * the nation's aggregate `stats` as the area×population-weighted median of its
 * regions — the same 0-region / no-entry guards as the hybrid / economy /
 * disasters layers, so a 0-region nation keeps its directly-mutated value and
 * the effect persists to the next turn. Mutates in place; never throws.
 */
function applyNationDips(
  nation: Nation,
  dips: Partial<Record<StatKey, number>>,
  regionStats: GameState['regionStats'],
  geoOf?: (key: string) => { area: number; population: number } | undefined,
): void {
  (Object.keys(dips) as StatKey[]).forEach((k) => {
    const d = dips[k];
    if (typeof d === 'number') nation.stats[k] = clampStat(nation.stats[k] + d);
  });
  for (const key of nation.territory) {
    const rs = regionStats[key];
    if (!rs) continue; // a key with no entry is skipped
    (Object.keys(dips) as StatKey[]).forEach((k) => {
      const d = dips[k];
      if (typeof d === 'number') rs[k] = clampStat(rs[k] + d);
    });
  }
  // Re-derive the nation's aggregate stats so the effect persists (the main
  // recompute ran earlier this turn; without this the change would be washed
  // out next turn). A nation with no regionStats entry keeps its
  // directly-mutated `stats`.
  if (nation.territory.length > 0 && nation.territory.some((k) => regionStats[k])) {
    nation.stats = deriveNationStats(nation.territory, regionStats, geoOf);
  }
}

/**
 * (v0.42.0, #64) Apply ONE migration / refugee op to the (cloned) `next` state,
 * mutating it in place and never throwing. Resolution order:
 *   1. `from` must resolve to a nation (id first, then a unique name); an
 *      unknown / ambiguous source drops the op.
 *   2. For every kind except `exodus`, `to` must resolve to a nation distinct
 *      from `from` (a missing / unknown / ambiguous destination, or a
 *      self-flow, drops the op); `exodus` has no destination and skips this.
 * Then the deterministic per-`scale` effects from
 * {@link MIGRATION_SOURCE_EFFECTS} / {@link MIGRATION_DESTINATION_EFFECTS}
 * are applied:
 *   - the SOURCE nation loses population and economy (all four kinds,
 *     including `exodus`) — for a non-`exodus` op this is applied only AFTER
 *     the destination is validated, so a self-flow or a bad destination drops
 *     the op entirely and never touches the source;
 *   - for a non-`exodus` kind the DESTINATION gains population and economy,
 *     and a `large` influx additionally strains its stability by
 *     {@link LARGE_INFLUX_STABILITY_DIP};
 *   - each affected nation's derived `stats` are re-derived afterwards (the
 *     same 0-region / no-entry guards, so the effect persists);
 *   - for a non-`exodus` kind the from↔to relation moves one step toward the
 *     positive end of the ladder (cap `ally` for `refugees`, `neutral` for
 *     `migration` / `diaspora`; a `war` relation is left untouched).
 * The op never moves territory (sole ownership is untouched) and never creates
 * or escalates a war.
 */
export function applyMigrationOp(
  next: GameState,
  op: MigrationOp,
  geoOf?: (key: string) => { area: number; population: number } | undefined,
): void {
  const from = resolveNationRef(next, op.from);
  if (from === null) return; // unknown / ambiguous source: drop
  const source = next.nations[from];
  if (!source) return; // defensive: resolved id has no nation record

  if (op.kind === 'exodus') {
    // An exodus has no destination: the source loses population and economy
    // and that is all (no gain, no relation nudge).
    applyNationDips(source, MIGRATION_SOURCE_EFFECTS[op.scale], next.regionStats, geoOf);
    return;
  }

  // Non-exodus: resolve the destination FIRST and drop the WHOLE op (including
  // the source dip) when it is missing / unknown / ambiguous or a self-flow —
  // so a self-flow or a bad destination never touches the source.
  const to = op.to;
  if (!to) return; // defensive: a non-exodus op should always have a `to`
  const destId = resolveNationRef(next, to);
  if (destId === null || destId === from) return; // unknown / self destination: drop
  const dest = next.nations[destId];
  if (!dest) return; // defensive

  // The source loses population and economy (every non-exodus kind reaches
  // here; the exodus path already applied its source dip and returned).
  applyNationDips(source, MIGRATION_SOURCE_EFFECTS[op.scale], next.regionStats, geoOf);

  // The destination gains population and economy; a large influx also strains
  // its stability.
  const destDips: Partial<Record<StatKey, number>> = { ...MIGRATION_DESTINATION_EFFECTS[op.scale] };
  if (op.scale === 'large') {
    destDips.stability = (destDips.stability ?? 0) + LARGE_INFLUX_STABILITY_DIP;
  }
  applyNationDips(dest, destDips, next.regionStats, geoOf);

  // The from↔to relation moves one step toward the positive end, capped by
  // kind (a `war` relation is left untouched by shiftRelationTowardPositive).
  const cap: RelationStatus = op.kind === 'refugees' ? 'ally' : 'neutral';
  shiftRelationTowardPositive(next, from, destId, cap);
}

export const migration: Ability<'migration'> = {
  field: 'migration',
  default: () => ({ ops: [] }),
  // The low-level validator returns a bare list; the field's shape is the
  // `{ ops }` object (mirrors the historical TurnResult shape).
  validate: (raw) => ({ ops: validateMigrationOps(raw) }),
  apply: (state, data, ctx) => {
    for (const op of data.ops) {
      applyMigrationOp(state, op, ctx.geoOf);
    }
  },
  schemaLine: () =>
    '  "migration": {"ops":[{"kind":"<migration|refugees|diaspora|exodus>","from":"<nation id or name>","to":"<nation id or name>","scale":"<small|moderate|large>","detail":"<short detail>"}]},',
  constraint: () =>
    '- Migration & refugees ("migration.ops") are people moving between nations this turn: a "kind" ("migration", "refugees", "diaspora", or "exodus"), a "from" (the source nation — id or name), a "to" (the destination nation — required for every kind except "exodus", which has no destination), and a "scale" (small / moderate / large). The engine applies a DETERMINISTIC effect (no hidden randomness): the source LOSES a small amount of population and economy, the destination GAINS a small amount of population and economy (a "large" influx additionally strains the destination\'s stability by 2), and the from↔to relation moves one step toward the positive end of the ally/neutral/rival/hostile ladder — capped at "ally" for "refugees" (hosting refugees builds the strongest goodwill), capped at "neutral" for "migration"/"diaspora" (milder ties), and not at all for "exodus"; the nudge never creates or escalates a "war" (a warring pair is left untouched). The layer is turn-transient (no memory): a continuing flow is simply RE-DECLARED each turn it persists. It never moves borders — sole ownership is untouched. Propose at most 1-2 per turn and narrate each one in "events" (a "social" or "diplomatic" event).',
  isMeaningful: (data) => data.ops.length > 0,
  stub: () => ({ ops: [] }),
  // The layer is turn-transient — it contributes nothing to the user payload
  // (no durable state to show the model), so the payload is always empty.
  payload: () => ({}),
};